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SLCC Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions
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SLCC Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions
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SLCC Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions &Answers Rated 100% Correct
abrasion - ANSWER Rubbing or scraping off of skin
angiogenesis - ANSWER formation of new blood vessels
approximation - ANSWER When wound edges are touching
avulsion - ANSWER tissue being torn away in a large piece. Requires healing by
secondary intention
Cellulitis - ANSWER Inflammation or infection of the cells in tissues characterized
by redness, pain, heat and edema.
debridement - ANSWER the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and
cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing
dehiscence - ANSWER The splitting open of a surgical wound (usually one that
has been sutured)
Erythema - ANSWER redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
exudate - ANSWER fluid that comes from wounds
purulent - ANSWER Pus-like
sanguineous - ANSWER bloody drainage
granulation tissue - ANSWER the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a
wound
ischemia - ANSWER deficiency of blood in a particular area
laceration - ANSWER wound caused by tearing or cutting of skin
maceration - ANSWER softening through liquid; overhydration
necrotic tissue - ANSWER dead tissue that usually presents as black or brown and
is hard or leathery in texture. must be removed for wounds to heal.
Primary intention - ANSWER Wound margins are brought together by any means
and heals with minimal scarring.
,Secondary intention - ANSWER missing tissue requires margins to contract, and
then fill-ins, resulting a large scar. Cannot be sutured closed because too much
tissue is missing.
Tertiary intention healing - ANSWER Wound margins separate after being closed
or intentionally left open due to infection.
metastasize - ANSWER to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from
the site of the disease to other parts of the body
benign cell characteristics - ANSWER well differentiated
benign cellular cohesiveness - ANSWER Stays together
benign growth mode - ANSWER expands and pushes on surrounding tissue
benign growth pattern - ANSWER encapsulated
benign growth rate - ANSWER generally slow growth
benign hormone secretion - ANSWER hyper
benign metastatic potential - ANSWER does not metastisize
benign tumor mobility - ANSWER movable
malignant cell characteristics - ANSWER poor differentiation
malignant cellular cohesiveness - ANSWER breaks apart, sluffs off easily
malignant growth mode - ANSWER infiltrates into tissue
malignant growth pattern - ANSWER infiltrates tissue
malignant growth rate - ANSWER usually rapid growth
malignant hormone secretion - ANSWER hypo
malignant metastatic potential - ANSWER eventually metastasizes
malignant tumor mobility - ANSWER fixed
differentiation - ANSWER process in which cells become specialized in structure
and function
cancer differentiation - ANSWER Tumors lose differentiation features over time as
they multiply and become more "malignant". The more these fast growing cells
multiply, the less differentiated they become. Poor cellular differentiation increases
the growth rate. A tumor neoplasm that is well differentiated (retains most of the
cellular characteristics of the tissue it is from) is more likely to be benign. Whereas, a
,poorly differentiated tumor is more likely to be malignant. As a cell becomes
malignant it loses the characteristics that made it a unique type of cell, and it no
longer functions as normal tissue
contact inhibition - ANSWER a process that stops additional cell growth when cells
become crowded
cohesiveness - ANSWER normal cell membranes stick together when they come
in contact helping support each other.
anchorage dependence - ANSWER The requirement that to divide, a cell must be
attached to a solid surface.
Faulty cell to cell communication - ANSWER Intracellular messengers cause
growth and modify behavior. Cancer cells don't listen to messengers and do what
they want.
antigens (cancer) - ANSWER surface cell markers
enzymes - ANSWER proteins involved in insuring intracellular organization and cell
to cell cohesion.
oma - ANSWER ending that indicates benign tumors
carcinoma - ANSWER epithelial origin named to indicate malignant tumors
sarcoma - ANSWER indicates malignant tumors in mesenchymal origin
mesenchymal - ANSWER connective tissue tumor
oncogenesis - ANSWER genetic mechanism where normal cells transform into
cancer cells
oncogene - ANSWER mutated gene that have potential to cause cancer
proto-oncogene - ANSWER genes that can become oncogenes
inherited genes or environmental mutations - ANSWER What can cause an
oncogene from a proto-oncogene
cellular oncogenes - ANSWER Cancer characteristics that are coded on the host's
inherited genes.
viral oncogenes - ANSWER DNA or RNA transmission into a host causing cancer
mutated antioncogene - ANSWER under production of cancer-preventing cells due
to mutation
antioncogene - ANSWER tumor suppressing genes
, direct extension, seeding, circulation - ANSWER methods of metastasis
direct extension - ANSWER cells spread to adjacent tissue
seeding - ANSWER Cells shed into body cavities or some cells remain after
removal that are the "seed" for more tumors
circulation - ANSWER travels through blood or lymph and a second tumor
develops in a completely different place
staging - ANSWER severity of cancer
size of tumor, node involvement, metastatic spread - ANSWER What does TNM
stand for?
TNM system - ANSWER What is used the most in cancer staging?
TX - ANSWER Primary tumor cannot be evaluated
T0 - ANSWER No evidence of primary tumor
Tis - ANSWER Carcinoma in situ
carcinoma in situ - ANSWER cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding
tissue
Size of the primary tumor - ANSWER T1 - 4 mean what in cancer?
NX - ANSWER lymph nodes cannot be evaluated
N0 - ANSWER No regional lymph node involvement
N1-3 - ANSWER Degree of lymph node involvement
MX - ANSWER distant metastasis that cannot be evaluated
M0 - ANSWER No distant metastasis
M1 - ANSWER Metastasis is present
Stage 1 - ANSWER In situ is considered what stage?
In situ - ANSWER When abnormal cell are present only in the layer of cells where
the tumor developed, what is it called?
localized - ANSWER Stage 2 of cancer
no evidence of spread - ANSWER What does is mean if a tumor is localized?
Regional - ANSWER What is stage 3 of cancer?
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