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HIEU 2041 Terms Exams (1).
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HIEU 2041 Terms Exams (1).
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HIEU2041
Terms
Exams
Latins
-
ANS-People
from
the
ancient
country
of
Latium,
an
area
in
what
is
now
the
country
of
Italy.
Made
up
the
original
population
of
Rome,
heavily
influenced
by
the
Etruscans.
Latium
located
in
central
Italy
around
Rome.
Etruscans
-
ANS-Beginning
in
the
700s
BCE,
Native
people
of
northern
and
central
Italy.
Greatly
influenced
Roman
culture,
we
don't
know
much
about
them
because
no
writing
survives.
Romulus
-
ANS-One
of
the
twin
brothers
of
Rome's
foundation
myth.
He
and
his
brother
raised
by
wolves,
Romulus
later
kills
his
brother
Remus
and
founds
Rome
creating
first
senate
and
legions.
Numa
Pompilius
-
ANS-Second
king
of
Rome
after
Romulus,
reigned
until
673
BC,
was
of
Sabine
origin
and
established
many
of
Rome's
religious
and
social
customs.
Servius
Tullius
-
ANS-sixth
king
of
Rome
who
reigned
until
535
BC.
Had
military
success
against
Veii
and
Etruscans,
expanded
city
to
include
Quirinal,
Viminal,
and
Esquiline
hills.
Romans
believed
him
built
Servile
wall.
Livy
said
he
was
murdered
by
his
daughter
and
son
in
law.
Tarquin
the
Proud
(Tarquinius
Superbus)
-
ANS-last
king
of
Rome,
served
until
there
was
a
popular
uprising
in
509
BC
which
led
to
establishment
of
Republic.
Built
temple
of
Jupiter
Optimus
Maximus
curiae
-
ANS-753
on
Matter
in
which
public,
religious,
and
official
decisions
discussed
and
made.
In
Ancient
Rome
entire
populace
divided
into
30
curiae
which
met
to
confirm
elections,
install
priests,
make
wills
and
adoptions.
Aeneas
-
ANS-A
mythical
Greek
warrior
who
was
a
leader
on
the
Trojan
side
of
the
Trojan
War.
Romans
believed
he
came
to
Italy
following
Trojan
War
after
a
long
Odysseus
like
journey
and
founded
Lavinium
res
publica
(republic)
-
ANS-Loosely
means
public
affair,
root
of
the
word
republic.
Word
used
to
describe
Rome's
government
following
Tarquin
the
Proud
being
taken
out
of
power.
One
of
first
governments
in
antiquity
that
was
for
the
people.
imperium
-
ANS-When:
753
onwards
Where:
Rome
Who/What:
ultimate
power
including
command
in
war
&
execution
of
the
law Significance:
The
power
of
the
kings
which
was
transferred
to
the
consuls
and
then
the
proconsuls,
military
tribunes,
praetors,
dictators,
and
magistri
equitum
constituting
the
power
to
give
orders
and
to
demand
obedience.
Power
symbolized
by
the
fasces
and
lictors.
Fasces
-
ANS-753
on
Etruria,
Rome
a
bound
bundle
of
wooden
rods,
sometimes
including
an
axe
with
its
blade
emerging.
From
Etruscans,
came
symbolize
power
and
jurisdiction
of
magistrate.
clientela
-
ANS-Clients
of
Senators
or
other
important
politicians.
Relied
on
their
patrons
for
legal
support,
expected
to
call
of
patron
daily
to
see
how
they
could
help
them.
senate
-
ANS-Political
institution
in
Ancient
Rome.
Began
as
advisory
board
to
kings.
One
of
the
most
important
institutions
to
Rome,
was
established
in
753
BC
around
Rome's
inception.
Beneficia
-
ANS-753
on
services
provided
by
patron
for
client
in
exchange
for
military
and
political
support
Latin
League
-
ANS-(7th
century
bc-338
bc)
Defensive
alliance
of
Latin
communities,
fought
Rome
after
they
ousted
their
last
king
Tarquin
the
Proud.
Rome
barely
won
a
battle
against
League,
recognized
as
most
dominant
Latin
city.
Showed
Rome's
initial
dominance
over
Latium
patricians
-
ANS-When:
753
onwards
Where:
Rome
Who/What:
original
senatorial
families
Significance:
The
families
that
the
original
senate
belonged
to.
Until
172
one
consul
was
always
a
patrician.
Although
plebeians
were
not
banned
from
the
office,
it
was
increasingly
difficult
to
break
into
the
system
as
a
novus
homo.
Plebs
-
ANS-Refers
to
the
common
peoples
of
Rome.
Gradually
rose
to
power
throughout
Rome's
history,
but
initially
had
little
to
no
rights
in
determining
government
affairs
or
policy.
familia
-
ANS-household
=
base
of
Roman
society
tight
knit
economic
and
social
unit
lead
by
the
paterfamilias
who
exercised
complete
control
over
inhabitants
and
belongings
of
familia.
Gens
-
ANS-Plural
is
gentes
referred
to
family
of
those
of
shared
same
nomen
and
claimed
same
person
as
ancestor.
Social
standing
affected
by
one's
gens.
rex
-
ANS-753-509
Latin:
king
7
kings
of
Rome
from
mid-8th
century
to
the
expulsion
of
Tarquin
the
Proud
in
509.
became
a
dirty
word
afterwards Comitia
Curiata
-
ANS-Primary
Roman
assembly
in
first
years
of
the
Republic.
People
organized
into
30
"curia".
Based
on
the
original
patrician
clans.
Elected
consuls
and
tried
judicial
cases
Battle
of
Lake
Regillus
(496
BC)
-
ANS-When:
496
Where:
Latium
Who/What:
battle
that
ended
first
wars
with
Latin
League
Significance:
Battle
between
the
Romans
and
the
Latins
that
ended
the
initial
conflict
between
the
groups
that
had
erupted
after
the
expulsion
of
Tarquinius
Superbus.
The
Roman
victory
gave
Rome
a
buffer
zone
between
itself
and
the
Aequi/Volsci
(treaty
of
Sp.
Cassius).
Gallic
Sack
of
Rome
-
ANS-When:
390
Where:
Rome
Who/What:
invasion
of
Gauls
Significance:
The
Gauls
crossed
over
the
Apennines
and
attacked
Etruria
before
moving
south
to
Rome.
They
sacked
the
city
and
left
after
receiving
a
massive
ransom
paid
in
gold.
Huge
blow
to
the
Roman
psyche
that
remained
a
powerful
psychological
needle
for
centuries.
consul
-
ANS-Under
the
Roman
Republic,
one
of
the
two
magistrates
holding
supreme
civil
and
military
authority.
Nominated
by
the
Senate
and
elected
by
citizens
in
the
Comitia
Centuriata,
they
held
office
for
one
year
and
each
had
power
of
veto
over
the
other.
Pontifex
Maximus
-
ANS-the
high
priest
of
Rome,
the
head
of
Roman
state
religion;
he
appointed
and
oversaw
the
vestal
virgins.
dictator
-
ANS-When:
509
onwards
Where:
Latin
tribes
and
Rome
Who/What:
supreme
(emergency)
magistrate
Significance:
Office
created
to
handle
emergencies
when
the
normal
governmental
apparatus
was
not
suitable
for
the
urgency
of
the
problem.
Especially
the
case
with
military
affairs,
where
it
was
increasingly
obvious
that
having
multiple
generals
with
equal
power
was
not
a
successful
strategy
(e.g.
Hannibal).
Elected
by
the
senate
for
a
6-month
term.
Master
of
the
Horse
-
ANS-second
in
command
to
the
dictator
when
one
had
been
appointed.
Comitia
Centuriata
-
ANS-When:
c.
440
onwards
Where:
Campus
Martius
Who/What:
centuriate
assembly
Significance:
Represented
a
victory
for
the
wealthy
non-patricians,
as
they
were
empowered
as
the
comitia
centuriata
gained
power
at
the
expense
of
the
comitia
curiata.
This
became
increasingly
less
military
over
time,
but
the
name
stuck.
Comitia
Tributa
-
ANS-When:
beginning
ca.
447
B.C.
Where:
Rome
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