Introduction to Public Service Final || very Flawless.
Policy correct answers government's choice of actions intended to serve the public purposes; links general aims of government with intended results; gives public agencies authority
Statutes correct answers most familiar policies form these written laws; binding on legislators and administrators; often based on common law
Role of Statutes in Policy correct answers rules and orders issued by executives extend and apply
the statutory law; governmental budgets frame policy by setting spending limits
Delegation correct answers entrusting one's own power / responsibility to another of lower rank; devolution of authority; never permanent
Discretion correct answers flexible exercising of decision making allowed to public administrators (regulatory agencies)
Intelligible Principle correct answers when Congress delegates quasi-legislative powers to another this is the general provision allowed to follow; the outside agency cannot make law but it
can flesh out the details
The Policy Process Model correct answers 1. setting agendas
2. defining problems
3. setting objectives
4. discerning alternatives
5. assessing alternatives
6. choosing alternatives
7. implementing the policy
8. monitoring and evaluating
Popular Agenda correct answers problems and issues to which the general public is the most interested; can vary depending on location, publicity, public issues, and efforts of a President to publicize them
Institutional Agenda correct answers items that government leaders rank as high priorities for action; reflects popular agenda but emphasizes matters on which some imminent agreement is necessary and possible; impacted by court rulings and controlled by gatekeepers
Framing an Issue correct answers recognizes what is there while trying to bring out less obvious meanings; major policies can be framed depending on the group that takes part; some frames are more correct / relevant
Policy Objectives correct answers goals for the new policy to achieve; most effective when expressed in measurable terms (not easy to measure all); broad statements avoiding precise priorities 3 Sources of Policy Objectives correct answers 1. ethical values / legal and professional standards
2. society's available resources
3. citizen's demands
Satisficing correct answers combination of satisfy and suffice; alludes to ending the process without a full examination of every possible alternative; occurs when time is short or lacking important information
Developing and Evaluating Policy Alternatives correct answers objectives guide the choice of alternative policies (stream of decisions from indefinite past and uncertain future); must select one course that offers the greatest margin of benefit over the costs
Opportunity Costs correct answers when planners commit resources to a particular action and forgo the potential benefits of other alternatives; cannot always be measured in dollars
Funnel of Causality correct answers media and public perception (broad) into power coalitions (more narrow) into special interests (specific); filtering problems from public to legislation which then get passed and in turn affect the public
Institutional Rational Choice correct answers rational process (first) to complete information (second) to all options considered (last); looks at individual acts and how they strategically maneuver institutional rules to pursue self-interested goals; comprehending and ranking preferences
Policy Streams Approach correct answers problems, resources, and solutions all funnel into confluence (where policy happens)
Policy Subsystems Approach correct answers policy happens in the confined space of experts and stakeholders with officials and the media influencing
Rational Decision Making correct answers hypothetical economic person who is fully informed of all relevant conditions must select the most efficient means to achieve his or her ends without distraction by extraneous influences (politics or personal bias)
Steps of Rational Decision Making correct answers 1. goals to be achieved - rank / weight if there are several
2. discern alternatives - could be large but do not omit any
3. calculate consequences - requires information and research
4. compare each solution - determine how well the goals are achieved
5. choose alternative - which best serves the goals at the lowest expenditure
Incremental Decision Making correct answers more of a short-term focus than the long-range perspective of rational decision making; perceives goals as evolving depending on what can be realistically accomplished and what influential groups demand; democratic way to attain a concensus
Policy correct answers government's choice of actions intended to serve the public purposes; links general aims of government with intended results; gives public agencies authority
Statutes correct answers most familiar policies form these written laws; binding on legislators and administrators; often based on common law
Role of Statutes in Policy correct answers rules and orders issued by executives extend and apply
the statutory law; governmental budgets frame policy by setting spending limits
Delegation correct answers entrusting one's own power / responsibility to another of lower rank; devolution of authority; never permanent
Discretion correct answers flexible exercising of decision making allowed to public administrators (regulatory agencies)
Intelligible Principle correct answers when Congress delegates quasi-legislative powers to another this is the general provision allowed to follow; the outside agency cannot make law but it
can flesh out the details
The Policy Process Model correct answers 1. setting agendas
2. defining problems
3. setting objectives
4. discerning alternatives
5. assessing alternatives
6. choosing alternatives
7. implementing the policy
8. monitoring and evaluating
Popular Agenda correct answers problems and issues to which the general public is the most interested; can vary depending on location, publicity, public issues, and efforts of a President to publicize them
Institutional Agenda correct answers items that government leaders rank as high priorities for action; reflects popular agenda but emphasizes matters on which some imminent agreement is necessary and possible; impacted by court rulings and controlled by gatekeepers
Framing an Issue correct answers recognizes what is there while trying to bring out less obvious meanings; major policies can be framed depending on the group that takes part; some frames are more correct / relevant
Policy Objectives correct answers goals for the new policy to achieve; most effective when expressed in measurable terms (not easy to measure all); broad statements avoiding precise priorities 3 Sources of Policy Objectives correct answers 1. ethical values / legal and professional standards
2. society's available resources
3. citizen's demands
Satisficing correct answers combination of satisfy and suffice; alludes to ending the process without a full examination of every possible alternative; occurs when time is short or lacking important information
Developing and Evaluating Policy Alternatives correct answers objectives guide the choice of alternative policies (stream of decisions from indefinite past and uncertain future); must select one course that offers the greatest margin of benefit over the costs
Opportunity Costs correct answers when planners commit resources to a particular action and forgo the potential benefits of other alternatives; cannot always be measured in dollars
Funnel of Causality correct answers media and public perception (broad) into power coalitions (more narrow) into special interests (specific); filtering problems from public to legislation which then get passed and in turn affect the public
Institutional Rational Choice correct answers rational process (first) to complete information (second) to all options considered (last); looks at individual acts and how they strategically maneuver institutional rules to pursue self-interested goals; comprehending and ranking preferences
Policy Streams Approach correct answers problems, resources, and solutions all funnel into confluence (where policy happens)
Policy Subsystems Approach correct answers policy happens in the confined space of experts and stakeholders with officials and the media influencing
Rational Decision Making correct answers hypothetical economic person who is fully informed of all relevant conditions must select the most efficient means to achieve his or her ends without distraction by extraneous influences (politics or personal bias)
Steps of Rational Decision Making correct answers 1. goals to be achieved - rank / weight if there are several
2. discern alternatives - could be large but do not omit any
3. calculate consequences - requires information and research
4. compare each solution - determine how well the goals are achieved
5. choose alternative - which best serves the goals at the lowest expenditure
Incremental Decision Making correct answers more of a short-term focus than the long-range perspective of rational decision making; perceives goals as evolving depending on what can be realistically accomplished and what influential groups demand; democratic way to attain a concensus
