Muscle composition is a phenogenic type Type of muscle can be trained and environmental -
Whether you can drink milk is also Phenotypic -
Phenotype encompasses anything that results in an outward of observable manifestation on/in the organism, even if we can't see it with our eyes Shape of protein-
Efficiency of an enzyme -
Shape of cell-
Outward appearance-
Behavior -
Etc. -
Phenotypic traits can be qualitative (Discrete) or quantitative (numeric)
Discrete traits are distinct categories such as eye color, lactose intolerant, etc. -
Numeric traits are measured by a numeric value -
What is a genotype? (memorize) Anything at the DNA level -
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein-
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein-
Sequence of DNA that doesn’t code for protein-
Presence/absence of a mutation-
Length of gene-
Number of copies of genes-
Number of copies of a chromosome-
Humans have 23 chromosomes
22 are autosomes + xy -
Entered the genomic era in the 2001
Genomic research has made it much easier to find genes that are possibly linked to phenotypes, including diseases Previously, lots of gene research was based on luck but now we can do research based on phenotypes -
Positive and negative correlation of frequency of phenotypes Usually there is no correlation○
GWAS (Gene wide association studies) are used to examine genotype -phenotype correlations for thousands of genes at a time Looking for the genome that has a correlation out of thousands of combinations ○
Used to study migraines○-
All genes reside on a chromosome -
Centromeres are not always in the middle of the chromosome -
Humans are diploid 2 copies of genes (generally) ○-
just because a gene isn't needed in a cell doesn’t mean it's not there -
Genes have specific positions on chromosomes -
SNP = single nucleotide polymorphism Single base pair difference between two people-Phenotypes and Genotypes Thursday, January 11, 2024 10:07 AM New Section 1 Page 1
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller maddielineberger. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
