Theories in Lifespan Development Exam 2024 | Lifespan Development Theories Exam Latest 2024 -2025 Questions and Correct Answers Rated A+ Many popular quotes by famous people reference a "blank slate" as a platform and springboar d for creativity. We may credit the popularity of this phrase to ________, an early scholar of human development. -ANSWER -
John Locke McKinley does not like Parker, but McKinley treats Parker in an excessively friendly manner. Freud would say that McKinley is using the defense mechanism, ________. -ANSWER -reaction formation A parent tells a school counselor, "I am concerned that my child has developed an inferiority complex. My child feels like he does not measure up to peers." According to Erikson's theor y of psychosocial development, this child may be struggling to accomplish the developmental task of the industry versus inferiority stage of development, which is ________. -
ANSWER -competence Children who are seriously reflecting on the future, imagining what they want to be when they grow up and planning what it might take to get there have reached Piaget's ________ stage of cognitive development. -
ANSWER -formal operational A therapist advises a client who is struggling to feel motivated to complete scho olwork to watch a favorite TV show after finishing an assignment. This therapist is recommending that the client use ________. -ANSWER -
reinforcer A student is bullied at school and now associates school with fear. According to Pavlov's classical condition ing paradigm, the fear, anxiety, and nervousness this student experiences when approaching school is a(n) ________. -ANSWER -conditioned response You walk into a new cafe with an unusual layout. You stand back and observe how customers order and pay at one station, then pick up their food at another station. Now you have learned how to get food in this restaurant. Which behavioral approach to learning does this describe? -
ANSWER -social cognitive theory Piaget's traditional approach to cognitive development has been extended by Neo -Piagetian theorists who consider how ________. -ANSWER -
experience, culture, and interactions with others influence cognitive developmen Infants younger than 5 months old do not search for objects once they have been removed from their sight. According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, these infants have not yet developed ________. -ANSWER -
object permanence You hear an annoying beeping sound if you try to exit your car with the keys still in the ignition. The next time you park your car, you are more likely to take your keys out of the ignition before exiting. What principle of operant conditioning does this reflect? -ANSWER -the law of effect Question A shy student, Lila, shows up for her first day at a new school. She would prefer to slip to the back of the class unnoticed. Instead, a friendly, outgoing student, Alex, approaches Lila and invites her to sit at the same table together. Throughout that day, Lila was much more engaged with other students than she would norm ally have been. Which aspect of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory does this demonstrate? -ANSWER -reciprocal determinism Which two approaches to lifespan development have the following in common: development is continuous, there are many courses of develop ment, and development is more influenced by nurture than nature? -ANSWER -classical conditioning and operant conditioning School administrators and teachers meet yearly to review the school philosophy, daily routines, assessment methods, and other elements of the school system because they know these factors can affect a child's self -
image, learning, and sense of accomplishment. These educators and their concerns represent which element of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model? -ANSWER -mesosystem A person who says, "I want to become all I ever dreamed of being and use all my talents and skills to achieve my goals!" is expressing a desire to achieve which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? -ANSWER -self actualization In describing his approach to psychotherapy, a therapist whose approach is informed by Carl Rogers' work, tells new clients, "I help clients achieve ________. I help clients to become more open to life experiences, to live each moment fully, and to be more creative in dealing with lif e's challenges." -ANSWER -the good life A research team is interested in studying the genetic contributions to addictive behavior, such as Internet gambling. They use twin, family, and adoption studies to compare the health and behavior outcomes of individ uals who share the same environment or hereditary lineage. Which type of scientific research is this team conducting? -ANSWER -behavioral genetics A student is close to mastering a new language skill, but the student needs more practice and assistance befo re performing the skill independently. According to Vygotsky, this gap between what a student can and cannot do without help is referred to as ________. -ANSWER -the zone of proximal development
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