APHY 101 MIDTERM EXAM 2024/2025 NEW UPDATE GRADED A/ APHY 101 MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANSWERSAnatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts What are the levels of organization? - ANSWERSsubatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism What are the requirements of life? - ANSWERSWater, food, oxygen, heat, pressure What are the characteristics of life? - ANSWERSMovement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of meta bolic wastes) Define homeostasis - ANSWERSBody's maintenance of a stable environment What is a homeostatic mechanism? - ANSWERSthe body maintains homeostasis through a number of self -regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure Define matter - ANSWERSAnything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of elements. Define element - ANSWERSfundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms Define atoms - ANSWERSsmallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWERSAn atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in orbit around the nucleus. Atomic nucleus - ANSWERSthe nucleus contains protons and neutrons Proton - ANSWERSsubatomic particle that has a positive charge Neutron - ANSWERSsubatomic particle that has no charge Electron - ANSWERSsubatomic particle that has a negative charge Atomic number - ANSWERSnumber or protons in nucleus Atomic mass - ANSWERSnumber of protons plus number of neutrons What are covalent bonds? - ANSWERSCovalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to become stable with filled outer shells What are ionic bonds? - ANSWERS2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom What are hydrogen bonds? - ANSWERSWeak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules Define ion - ANSWERSWhen atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions. Define synthesis reaction - ANSWERSTwo or more atoms or molecules are joined together Define decomposition reaction - ANSWERSLarger molecules are broken down into smaller ones Define exchange reaction - ANSWERSParts of molecules trade places Define reactant - ANSWERSThe starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules Define product - ANSWERSSubstances formed at the end of the chemical reaction Define catalyst - ANSWERSinfluence the rates of chemical reactions What is an acid? - ANSWERSElectrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
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