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NURS 1220 Ch 21 Pt 1 Test With Complete Solution
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NURS 1220 Ch 21 Pt 1 Test WithComplete Solution
Hemodynamics - ANSWER is the means by which blood flow is altered and
distributed and by which blood pressure is regulated.
In general, a blood vessel has 3 layers... - ANSWER -tunica intima (tunica
interna)
-tunica media
-tunica externa (tunica adventitia)
tunica intima (tunica interna) - ANSWER -innermost layer, adjacent to lumen
-inner endothelium, basement membrane
Tunica media - ANSWER -middle layer, smooth muscle and elastic fibers
-vasocontraction and vasodilation
tunica externa (tunica adventitia) - ANSWER -outmost layer, adjacent to
surrounding tissue
-elastic and collagen fibers
angiogenesis - ANSWER -formation of new blood vessels e.g. fetal
development, wound healing
-stimulated by some cancers
-inhibiting angiogenesis is a potential form of treatment.
,is angiogenesis always a good thing? - ANSWER no, it can be caused by some
cancers
list the blood vessel types - ANSWER -arteries
-arterioles
-blood capillaries
-venules
-veins
arteries - ANSWER carry blood AWAY from the heart to other organs
the wall of an artery consists of a... - ANSWER tunica intima, media (which
maintains elasticity and contractility), and a tunica externa.
The walls of the artery are... - ANSWER elastic. which allows them to absorb
the pressure created by the ventricles of the heart as they pump blood into
the arteries.
what does the smooth muscle in the tunic media allow the arteries to do? -
ANSWER -arteries can regulate their diameter.
-allows arteries to increase or decrease lumen size and to limit bleeding from
wounds.
what are the types of arteries? - ANSWER -elastic (conducting) arteries
-muscular (distributing arteries)
examples of elastic arteries - ANSWER -aorta - largest artery in the body,
about the size of a garden hose
-pulmonary trunk
, high numbers of elastic fibers = - ANSWER high compliance - walls can
stretch easily and expand without tearing.
Muscular (distributing) arteries - ANSWER -medium diameter
-more smooth muscle, fewer elastic fibers
-distribute blood to various parts of the body
-can contract (vasoconstriction) and relax (vasodilation)
-finger sized
what type are most arteries? - ANSWER muscular arteries
elastic (conducting arteries) - ANSWER -large diameter
-more elastic fibers, less smooth muscle
-walls function as pressure reservoirs
arteries as pressure reservoirs - ANSWER -As blood is ejected from the heart
into elastic arteries, their walls stretch, easily accommodating the surge of
blood. As they stretch, the elastic fibers momentarily store mechanical
energy, functioning as a pressure reservoir
-Then, the elastic fibers recoil and convert stored (potential) energy in the
vessel into kinetic energy of the blood. Thus, blood continues to move
through the arteries even while the ventricles are relaxed
Which pairing is matched correctly regarding the structure of an artery?
a) tunica media - thinnest layer, consists of elastic and collagen fibers
b) tunica intima - consists of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers
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