Lower Respiratory Tract - ✔✔trachea
right and left mainstem bronchi
segmental bronchi
terminal bronchioles
-conduct air, mucociliary clearance, production of pulmonary surfactant
ventilation - ✔✔movement of air into and out of the lungs
inspiration - ✔✔active phase involving movement of muscles and the thorax to bring air into
the lungs
expiration - ✔✔passive phase of air out of the lungs
respiration - ✔✔gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the
capilaries
, diffusion - ✔✔movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in alveoli and blood
perfusion - ✔✔process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through the body tissues
hypoxia - ✔✔cells are not being adequately oxygenated
dyspnea - ✔✔difficulty breathing
hypoventilation - ✔✔decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
pursed-lip breathing - ✔✔breathing exercise creates a smaller opening for air movement
and slows expiration
pneumothorax - ✔✔air in the pleural space
tachypnea - ✔✔fast breathing
hyperpnea - ✔✔rapid RR with increased depth
hyperventilation - ✔✔increase RR and depth causing alveolar ventilation that is above
normal metabolic requirements
bradypnea - ✔✔slow breathing
responses to hypoxia - ✔✔increased HR
increased RR
increased BP systolic
increased CO2
pallor/cool and clammy
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