Uniformitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER-"The present is the key to the past" Earth is
shaped entirely by the same forces still in operation today, acting over a very long
period of time.
Relative Age/Time - CORRECT ANSWER-- Younger vs. Older
- the sequence of events
- "common sense" rules
Absolute Age/Time - CORRECT ANSWER-Numerical Age, Radiometric Dating
Principles for determining relative age - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Principle of
Superposition
2. Principle of Original History
3. Principle of Original Lateral Continuity
4. Principle of Cross Cutting relationships
5. Principle of Baked Contacts
6. Principle of Inclusions
7. Principle of Faunal Succession
Superposition - CORRECT ANSWER-Rock layers become younger from bottom to top
Original Horizontally - CORRECT ANSWER-Sediments were originally deposited
horizontally: sediments settle out of a fluid due to gravity and accumulate in a horizontal
fashion
Strata, after - CORRECT ANSWER-___ inclined at steep angles must have been
disturbed ___ formation.
Original Lateral Continuity - CORRECT ANSWER-Strata layers extend laterally until
they thin to nothing (pinch out) at the edge of the depositional basin.
Strata - CORRECT ANSWER-continue in all directions or until they thinned out to
nothing or they meet the boundary of their basin
Baked Contacts - CORRECT ANSWER-igneous rocks metamorphose the surrounding
rocks and must be younger than the rocks it metamorphoses
Inclusions - CORRECT ANSWER-any piece of a rock that has become included in
another rock must be older than the host rock
Faunal Succession - CORRECT ANSWER-Fossil life has changed through time and
occurred in a definite order.
To use, the organism must have been:
+ Widespread
+ lived during a relatively short period of time
+ been abundantly preserved
Uncomformities - CORRECT ANSWER-Problem with relative dating
- "Interruptions" in the sequence
- Gaps in the geologic record due to erosion or deposition
- Not everything is preserved!
3 Main Types of Uncomformities - CORRECT ANSWER-Disconformities, Angular
Uncomformities, Noncomformities
Disconformities - CORRECT ANSWER-hard to recognize - occurs between layers of
sedimentary rocks
Angular Uncomformities - CORRECT ANSWER-obvious time break, diff. angles
Noncomformities - CORRECT ANSWER-boundary between sedimentary rocks and
crystalline rocks (igneous or metamorphic)
Grand Canyon - CORRECT ANSWER-Which rock formation has all 3 types of
conformities
1889 - CORRECT ANSWER-90 m.y. estimate of earth's age based on time needed to
get salt concentration to where it is now
1896 - CORRECT ANSWER-radioactivity was discovered
Isotope - CORRECT ANSWER-Elements with different
- # of neutrons
- Atomic weights
- Symbols (i.e. 12C, 13C, 14C)
Radioactive Isotope - CORRECT ANSWER-- Unstable
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