Test Review Guide for SWS Exam 2 Questions and Answers
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Course
SWS
Institution
SWS
Test Review Guide for SWS Exam 2
Questions and Answers
What are the 2 forces responsible for water movement? - CORRECT ANSWER-gravity
and capillarity
How do adhesion and cohesion work together to create capillarity in soils? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Adhesion is the attraction of water to...
Test Review Guide for SWS Exam 2
Questions and Answers
What are the 2 forces responsible for water movement? - CORRECT ANSWER-gravity
and capillarity
How do adhesion and cohesion work together to create capillarity in soils? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Adhesion is the attraction of water to a surface, while cohesion is the
attraction of water to each other
How does pore radius/diameter impact the strength of capillary forces? - CORRECT
ANSWER-If pore radius decreases, capillarity increases
What is the overall impact of soil texture, density, and structure on capillary forces? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Texture:
- Particle Size: Large/coarse, Medium, Fine/Small
- Pore Size: Large/Macro , Meso/Medium, Micro/Small
- Capillarity: Weak, Moderate, Strong.
Density:
- Depth in Profile (capillary increases as depth increases)
- Arrangement of Particles
- Compaction (increases capillary forces)
Structure on Capillarity:
- Macropores (weak)
- Micropores (strong)
What is the definition of potential energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is stored energy;
energy waiting to be used or exploited
What is gravitational potential energy? How is it not impacted by soil properties?
Know that the choice of a reference point for determining gravitational potential up to
you. - CORRECT ANSWER-Water moves in response to high potential energy to low
potential energy. Gravitational potential energy is due only to the height of an object
(water) above a reference point. It is independent of soil properties.
Where does capillary (matric) potential energy originate from? How does pore size
influence capillary (matric) potential energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Matric potential
energy is related to the ability or potential of soils to move water into pore spaces. In a
saturated soil, this quantity would be zero, since all the pores are filled. Therefore,
quantification of matric potential energy will only apply to unsaturated soils.
, How and why is capillary potential energy influenced by soil texture, density and
structure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fine soils = smaller pores = strong capillary forces
What is the capillary potential energy in an unsaturated soil? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Negative
What is pressure potential and the conditions that create it? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Pressure potential is equal to the distance below a free water surface.
In soils, pressure potential is measured based on the depth below a water table. The
soil in this case is saturated and will exert a pressure downward, forcing water through
the pore spaces below resulting in flow. In this case the pressure is positive rather than
negative.
How do you calculate total potential energy? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is the sum of
gravitational potential, matric potential and pressure potential
What is meant by plant available water? - CORRECT ANSWER-Field Capacity WC -
Permanent Wilt WC
(All the water held by capillary forces)
How do you determine the direction of water flow? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Sum the
individual potentials at each point
2. Determine if there is a difference in potential between points
3. Water will always flow from areas of HIGH total potential to LOW total potential
What is a gradient and how do you calculate it? - CORRECT ANSWER-The gradient is
the driving force for water flow and determines the likelihood water will flow. The
stronger the gradient, the greater the driving force for water movement.
(Total potential at point A - Total potential at point B)/(difference between points A and
B)
What is hydraulic conductivity and how is it affected by soil physical properties? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Hydraulic conductivity is the ease with which water moves
through soils; Determines the rate of water movement; Maximum conductivity is under
saturated conditions
How do you combine hydraulic conductivity and the gradient to determine overall flow of
water in soils? Note the units of flow - CORRECT ANSWER-Q (cm/hr) = K * gradient
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