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SBCP - In And Out- Treatment Poisoning Study Set Exam
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SBCP - In And Out- Treatment PoisoningStudy Set Exam
Drug Molcules must be: - Answer Small
Uncharged
Water/fat soluble
Oral Route: - Answer GIT --> Portal Vein --> First past effect
Oral route is better for a patient because: - Answer Easy for patients, less scary than a
needle and patients are usually conscious therefore able to swallow
All route of administration - Answer Blood --> Distribution (protein bound vs free drug)
--> Poor vs good blood flow --> Barriers --> tissue
what are the barriers for all route admin. - Answer Placenta
BB Barrier
Pumps to protect (stop drugs getting in, protects developing baby)
What is Protein binding (Albumin) - Answer Affected by liver and kidney function
Bound drugs cannot enter tissue
Accounted for during dose selection
Pharmacodynamics route - Answer Tissue --> Pharmacodynamics (Ligand [drugs] binds
receptor) --> Drug detaches from receptor --> Re-enter bloodstream
Metabolism route (half life) - Answer Re-enters blood stream --> metabolism (liver -
microsomal enzymes) --> can go to waste --> remaining drug cycles through the body
again --> blood
Waste route (2 pathways) - Answer Waste --> Fat soluble --> Excretion --> bile --> faeces
Waste --> Water soluble --> Excretion --> Kidney --> Urine
How can poisonings occur? - Answer Deliberate
Accidental
Due to undiagnosed pharmacokinetic changes in patient
Treatment of poisoning is - Answer Supportive care
Identification of poison
, Prevention of further absorption
Promotion of poison removal
use of specific antidotes
Emergency Measures : support care (overall) - Answer - Establish what, when and how
much taken
- maintenance of respiration and circulation
- For respiration: inserting an airway, humidified oxygen and mechanical ventilation
- Adjust: Bp with saline (if low), IV glucose (if hypoglycemic), correct acid-base
imbalance if present
IV diazepam for convulsions
Surface decontamination is - Answer removal of contaminated clothes
use alternate soap and water with alcohol washes
special care of eyes
Shampoo for hair and scal
Activated Charcoal - treatment - Answer - Binds drugs and toxins nonspecifically
- GIT only - complex is eliminated in stools
- Water based drink
- Ethanol and other small compounds not adsorbed
- Effective to 30 minutes post ingestion
gastric lavage (irrigation and aspiration) - Answer - Flush with fluid and suck the fluid
out
- Should only be done in life-threatening cases
- Large orogastric tube
- If patient comatose, also require an endotracheal tube
- Effective to 60 mins post ingestion
Whole bowel irrigation (treatment) - Answer - Performed over 5hrs with polyethylene
glycol
- Slow release pharmaceuticals
- Iron, lithium and lead
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