Shoot system - above-ground organs (leaves, stems, flowers)
Root Systems - Below ground (roots)
3 basic plant organs - roots, stems, leaves
Root Responsibilities - Anchor plant to the ground, absorb water and nutrients, and store organic
nutrients
Taproot - Single, large root like a carrot.
fibrous root - multiple small stringy roots from one main stem
root hairs - tiny hair-like extensions that increase the surface area of the root allowing it to absorbs
more water and nurtients
fungi - plants partner with fungi for further absorption
stems - elongate and orient the shoot for photosynthesis and reproduction (dispersal of seeds)
leaves function - increase the surface area for capturing more sunlight for photosynthesis
petiole - The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
types of plant tissue - dermal, vascular, ground
Dermal plant tissue - outermost layer composed of epidermis and periderm
, Epidermis - waxy coating of the cuticle that prevents water loss
periderm - extra protective layer of woody plants
vascular tissues - xylem and phloem
Xylem - vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
Phloem - Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant
ground tissue - located in the mesophyll contains the pith and cortex
Pith - ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue
cortex - ground tissue external to the vascular tissue
parynchema - cells that constitute the functioning part of the tissue or organ
collynchyma - simple tissue with very thick cell walls
Sclerynchyma - ground tissue that is tough and strong, dead at maturity
Lignin - substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid
xylem tissue - • Tracheids
• Vessel elements
• tubular
thick, lignified cell walls
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