microbiology - study of microbes - bacteria, archer, protists, fungi, viruses, viroids, and
prions.
Decomposer - help recycle nutrients that can be used by plants and animals.
Photosynthetic algae and other protists - are primary producers that capture solar
energy or inorganic material.
primary producers - providing nutrients to more complex organisms.
Prokaryotes - do not have nuclei or the membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles found
in eukaryotic cells.
archea - usually .1-15. genome is single, closed, circular DNA molecule, often smaller
than a bacterial genome
Archaea reproduces - asexually as binary fission
Halophiles - live in habitats, have been isolated from areas, they have chloride pumps
that contain light powered protein, pumps chloride to avoid dehydration.
Thermoacidophiles - live in hot, acidic, and aquatic environments
Methanogens - are chemoautotrophs that use carbon dioxide and hydrogen as energy
sources.
bacteria - most common type of prokaryote on earth
cocci - spherical bacteria
Baccilus - Rod shaped bacteria
Spirillum - spiral shaped bacteria
Endospore - A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists
harsh conditions.
conjugation - donor cell passes DNA to a recipient cell by a way of sex pilus
Transformation - bacterium takes up DNA from environment released by dead bacteria
Transduction - viruses carry bacterial DNA from cell to cell
, climate - prevailing weather conditions in a particular region
biome - major type of terrestrial ecosystem. plants and animals.
grasslands - rainfall is greater than 25 cm/year but not enough to support trees
viruses - are acellular structures that require a living cell to produce. viroids.
Pathogenic bacteria - have genes that code for virulence factors. determine type and
extent of illness. E. coli example.
cyanobacteria - have chlorophyll and other pigments. evolved 3.8 million years ago.
introduced most of O2.
Streptococcus infections - cause more disease than any other bacteria.
antibiotics - inhibit bacteria by interfering with a unique metabolic pathway of bacteria.
2 ways antibiotics work - 1. inhibit protein synthesis by bacteria.
Ex. Erthromycin and tetracyclines
2. inhibit cell wall biosynthesis.
ex. Penicillins and cephalosporins
capsid - Outer protein coat of a virus. surrounded by lipid envelope. has spikes to attach
to host cell.
rhizosphere - soil & roots make contact. higher bacteria near root.
the legume - provides nutrients to the bacteria Symbiotic
symbiotic - mutually beneficial; supporting one another's life
algae - salt water and freshwater. primary producers.
green plants - primary producers in terrestrial ecosystems
Impriting - is considered a simple form of learning, although it has a genetic component
as well.
Communication - a signal by a sender that influences the behavior of the receiver
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