ventilation/perfusion handout, Test 1-
respiratory nur 195 prep u practice
what factors affect respiratory function? - correct answer ✔✔body positions-sitting up , lying down
environment-air pollution-industrialized, cars, carbon monoxide, plan workers
The epicardium - correct answer ✔✔is a thin-walled sac that surrounds the heart and attaches it to the
diaphragm and sternal wall of the thorax
. The septum - correct answer ✔✔is the strong muscular wall that divides the heart into left and right
halves.
The endocardium - correct answer ✔✔is the innermost lining of the heart.
The myocardium - correct answer ✔✔is the thick muscular layer that produces muscular contraction of
the heart.
High or increased compliance - correct answer ✔✔occurs if the lungs have lost their elasticity (cannot
return to normal state) and the thorax is overdistended, as in emphysema.
Low or decreased compliance - correct answer ✔✔occurs if the lungs and thorax are "stiff" (difficult to
stretch). Conditions associated with decreased compliance include pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural
effusion, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS).
-Chest percussionw/ pleural effusion reveals dullness over the involved area. The nurse may note
diminished or absent breath sounds over the involved area when auscultating the lungs and may also
hear a friction rub. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) scan show fluid in the involved
area.
*may be a complication of pneumonia, lung cancer, TB, pulmonary embolism, and CHF.*
-A tension pneumothorax causes the lung to collapse and the heart, the great vessels, and the trachea to
shift toward the unaffected side of the chest (mediastinal shift).
- A traumatic pneumothorax occurs when air escapes from a laceration in the lung itself and enters the
pleural space or enters the pleural space through a wound in the chest wall.
-A simple pneumothorax most commonly occurs as air enters the pleural space through the rupture of a
bleb or a bronchopleural fistula.
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