Refractive index - ✔️✔️a measure of how greatly a substance slows the velocity of light
Working distance - ✔️✔️Distance when it is in sharp focus
resolution - ✔️✔️The ability to tell that two separate points or objects are separate
Simple stain - ✔️✔️Determine size, shape, and arrangement of bacteria
Differential stain - ✔️✔️procedure that distinguish organism based on their staining properties
Focal point - ✔️✔️the point at which rays parallel to the optical axis reflect and meet
Fluorochromes - ✔️✔️Cells may be stained with fluorescent dyes
parfocal microscope - ✔️✔️a microscope that once in focus, it will remain in focus, even if you go to a
higher magnification
Bright Field Microscope - ✔️✔️dark image against bright background
Focal length - ✔️✔️the distance from the center of a lens to the focal point
Phase microscope - ✔️✔️Excellent way to observe the living cells; converts differences in refractive index
into detected variations in light intensity
Fluorescence microscope - ✔️✔️Instrument used to visualize a specimen that has been labeled with a
fluorescent dye (fluorochromes); exposes specimen to UV, violet, or blue light
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) - ✔️✔️a microscope that passes an electron beam through very
thin sections stained with heavy metal atoms and is primarily used to study the internal ultrastructure of
cells
Flagella stain - ✔️✔️mordant applied to increase thickness of flagella
Scanning electron microscope - ✔️✔️a microscope that produces an enlarged, three-dimensional image
of an object by using a beam of electrons excited from the surface of a specimen
Spore stain - ✔️✔️Used to see endoscopes inside bacterial cells
plasma membrane - ✔️✔️A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer (embedded with proteins) forming
the boundary of the cells
Pseudomurein - ✔️✔️a component of the cell wall of archaea; it is similar to peptidoglycan in structure
and function but contains different components
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - ✔️✔️molecule composed of lipid A and polysaccharide found in the external
membrane of Gram-negative cell walls
FtsZ - ✔️✔️a protein in bacteria and archaea that forms a ring during septum formation in cell division
MreB - ✔️✔️-forms a coil inside rod-shaped cells in bacteria
-maintains shape by positioning peptidoglycan synthesis machinery
chromosome - ✔️✔️gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very
long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
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