when and who observed the change of nonvirulent organisms into virulent ones via "transformation" -
✔️✔️griffith 1928
who showed that the transforming principle was dna - ✔️✔️avery, MacLeod and McCarty in 1944
dna and rna are linked together by - ✔️✔️phosphodiester bonds
contains bases adenine guanine cytosine and uracil, sugar is ribose, most are single stranded some
double - ✔️✔️rna
a complex process involving numerous proteins which help ensure accuracy, two strands separate each
serving as a template - ✔️✔️dna replication
dna in most bacteria is - ✔️✔️circular
replication fork - ✔️✔️where dna is unwound
replicon - ✔️✔️portion of the genome that contains an origin that is replicated as a unit
dna polymerase III holoenzyme - ✔️✔️complex of 3 core enzymes and several other protiens
helicases - ✔️✔️unwind DNA strands
single stranded DNA binding proteins (SSB) - ✔️✔️keep strands apart for replication to occur
topoisomerases - ✔️✔️relieve tension from rapid unwinding of double helix, prevents supercoiling
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