BISC 261 Chapter 10 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | 100% Pass
The Central Dogma - ✔️✔️* DNA -> RNA -> Protein
- To go from DNA → RNA: you do transcription
- To go from DNA → proteins: you do translation
What is a protein? - ✔️✔️* A.A composed of an amino group
Has nitrogen (an amino group)
* The R group varies & the R group makes the proteins different & helps you tell different proteins apart
What is a carboxyl group? - ✔️✔️* O & OH
What is the smallest amino acid? - ✔️✔️* glycerine
Peptide bond - ✔️✔️* covalent bond b/w a amino & carboxyl group
Protein end terminus - ✔️✔️* amino group
End terminus - ✔️✔️* carboxyl group
Transcription - ✔️✔️* Transcribe: writing down, notation
* Goes from DNA → RNA
* Not all RNA is translated, only mRNA is (messenger)
- The other 2 are transcribed (tRNA & rRNA), but not translated
Transcription of Protein coding (structural) genes - ✔️✔️* Genes that code for protein products
* Promoter region upstream the gene; RNA binds & triggers dissociation of double helix
* Leader sequence: transcribed but excised for translation
, * Then coding region
* Sense strand
* Template strand: the strand RNA poly (moves 5'--> to 3') interacts w/ & reads & produces an mRNA
transcript has the same sequence as the sense strand
* Stop codon: before the trailer
* Coding region includes the start codon all of the way to stop codon
* Trailer sequence: transcribed not translated
What is an mRNA transcript? - ✔️✔️* Promoter terminator are not transcribed
* Leading sequence, gene coding region, trailer
Describe transcription of tRNA & rRNA - ✔️✔️* Bacteria but their tRNA & rRNA genes together
* Spacer region gets excised
What is Initiation of Bacterial Transcription? - ✔️✔️occurs when RNA poly recognizes -10 or -35
sequences. Once RNA poly binds, it starts to unwind a short strand of DNA double helix in the active site
of RNA poly
What is Elongation of Bacterial Transcription? - ✔️✔️RNA poly synthesizes mRNA, sigma factors
dissociate, & RNA poly goes through & nucleotides try to form a match with the strand present
What is Termination of Bacterial Transcription? - ✔️✔️it gets a signal to terminate & RNA poly dissociates
What do bacteria like to do? - ✔️✔️organize their genes into functional groups called operons
What are transcription & translation genes? - ✔️✔️coordinated
Operons - ✔️✔️* transcribed simultaneously to form polycistronic mRNA transcripts
* Leader sequence, promoter sequence, coding regions for each gene (each w/ a start & stop codon),
spacers b/w coding regions (not translated), trailer
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | 100% Pass
The Central Dogma - ✔️✔️* DNA -> RNA -> Protein
- To go from DNA → RNA: you do transcription
- To go from DNA → proteins: you do translation
What is a protein? - ✔️✔️* A.A composed of an amino group
Has nitrogen (an amino group)
* The R group varies & the R group makes the proteins different & helps you tell different proteins apart
What is a carboxyl group? - ✔️✔️* O & OH
What is the smallest amino acid? - ✔️✔️* glycerine
Peptide bond - ✔️✔️* covalent bond b/w a amino & carboxyl group
Protein end terminus - ✔️✔️* amino group
End terminus - ✔️✔️* carboxyl group
Transcription - ✔️✔️* Transcribe: writing down, notation
* Goes from DNA → RNA
* Not all RNA is translated, only mRNA is (messenger)
- The other 2 are transcribed (tRNA & rRNA), but not translated
Transcription of Protein coding (structural) genes - ✔️✔️* Genes that code for protein products
* Promoter region upstream the gene; RNA binds & triggers dissociation of double helix
* Leader sequence: transcribed but excised for translation
, * Then coding region
* Sense strand
* Template strand: the strand RNA poly (moves 5'--> to 3') interacts w/ & reads & produces an mRNA
transcript has the same sequence as the sense strand
* Stop codon: before the trailer
* Coding region includes the start codon all of the way to stop codon
* Trailer sequence: transcribed not translated
What is an mRNA transcript? - ✔️✔️* Promoter terminator are not transcribed
* Leading sequence, gene coding region, trailer
Describe transcription of tRNA & rRNA - ✔️✔️* Bacteria but their tRNA & rRNA genes together
* Spacer region gets excised
What is Initiation of Bacterial Transcription? - ✔️✔️occurs when RNA poly recognizes -10 or -35
sequences. Once RNA poly binds, it starts to unwind a short strand of DNA double helix in the active site
of RNA poly
What is Elongation of Bacterial Transcription? - ✔️✔️RNA poly synthesizes mRNA, sigma factors
dissociate, & RNA poly goes through & nucleotides try to form a match with the strand present
What is Termination of Bacterial Transcription? - ✔️✔️it gets a signal to terminate & RNA poly dissociates
What do bacteria like to do? - ✔️✔️organize their genes into functional groups called operons
What are transcription & translation genes? - ✔️✔️coordinated
Operons - ✔️✔️* transcribed simultaneously to form polycistronic mRNA transcripts
* Leader sequence, promoter sequence, coding regions for each gene (each w/ a start & stop codon),
spacers b/w coding regions (not translated), trailer
