how many different types of hydrothermal vents are there? and what colors - ✔️✔️
what are the four major features for defining life? - ✔️✔️bioentergetics, metabolism, information flow,
evolution
origin of respiration (generating energy from electrically charged membranes) - ✔️✔️energy flow
(bioentergetics)
RNS world (ribozymes) probably enzymes too - ✔️✔️metabolism (building marcromolecules)
origin of DNA and natural selection - ✔️✔️information flow (and reproduction)
the process of building macromolecules - ✔️✔️metabolism
what are the four macromolecules - ✔️✔️carbohydrates, lipids, proteins (amino acids), nucleic acids
why are alkaline hydrothermal vents really great candidate for where life came from? - ✔️✔️respiration
(where life gets energy)
we have to have what for respiration - ✔️✔️electron donor that moves into a membrane electron
transport chain (protons get pumped out)
arobic respiration - ✔️✔️requires oxygen
anarobic respiration - ✔️✔️respiration without oxygen
,taking electron from an electron donor, moves through a chain, protons get pumped from inside of cell
to the outside, then dumped into electron accepter, then ATP synthase - ✔️✔️respiration
the ocean was very acidic and had a low PH and was enriched in CO2 when? - ✔️✔️4 billion years ago
if you have a acidic PH what does that mean - ✔️✔️a lot of hydrogen ions
is a solution has a high PH it has a lot of - ✔️✔️hydroxide
a PH gradient is a - ✔️✔️proton gradient
are archaea methanogens? - ✔️✔️yes
H2 (hydrogen gas) is a - ✔️✔️electron donor
CO2 is a - ✔️✔️electron acceptor
how many different types of hydrothermal vents are there? and what colors? - ✔️✔️(white smokers) lost
city hydrothermal field ,Black smokers,
when did life begin ____ on an anoxic (O2 free) world with a _____ enriched atmosphere - ✔️✔️3.8-4
billion years ago;hyrdrocarbon
the alkaline hyrdrothermal vent hypothesis posits that life emerged at the interface of ______ from a
unique hydrothermal vent system and acidic CO2 enriched ocean waters - ✔️✔️alkaline H2 enriched fluids
examples of information flow? - ✔️✔️DNA replication and natural selection
when did O2 become present on earth - ✔️✔️2.5 billion years ago
, what organisms produced O2 - ✔️✔️cyanobacteria
____ emerged ____ billion years ago when a protoeukaryote engulfed a bacterium
-what is the theory that describes this evolutionary process? - ✔️✔️eukaryotes;1.5 billion years ago
-endosymbiosis
what group of bacteria gave rise to chloroplasts - ✔️✔️cyanobacteria
what bioenergetic process do chloroplast mediate - ✔️✔️photosynthesis
what are the major groups of eukaryotic microbes - ✔️✔️algae, fungi, and protist
what are the three domains of life - ✔️✔️Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
what gene was used to build the phylogenetic trees that established the three domains - ✔️✔️-16s rRNA-
bacteria
-18s rRNA- archaea and eukaryotes
what mimics the biological events of respiration - ✔️✔️hydrothermal vents
list the order from 4.567 gya to now - ✔️✔️hadcan, archean, proterozoic, phanerozoic
time when there was no O2 in the world - ✔️✔️archean
when do we get oxygen - ✔️✔️2.5 gya (proterozoic period)
when the earth was mostly molt and lava - ✔️✔️hadcan
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