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N450 Lab SG-Questions with Correct Answers/Verified/ Latest Update 2024/2025

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How is acid base status of the body regulated? -️️Buffers Resp system (PaCO2) Renal system (HCO3-) What are buffers? -️️weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH What is the pH buffer formula? -️️H+ + HCO3- <-> H2CO3 ...

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  • August 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • N450
  • N450
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MikeHarris
N450 Lab SG-Questions with Correct Answers/Verified/ Latest Update
2024/2025
How is acid base status of the body regulated? - ✔️✔️Buffers



Resp system (PaCO2)



Renal system (HCO3-)



What are buffers? - ✔️✔️weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent
sharp, sudden changes in pH



What is the pH buffer formula? - ✔️✔️H+ + HCO3- <-> H2CO3 <-> CO2 + H2O



What do kidneys regulate? - ✔️✔️bicarbonate



What do lungs regulate? - ✔️✔️carbon dioxide



What is the normal pH level of the body? - ✔️✔️7.35-7.45



Respiratory contribution to pH balance? What measures respiratory regulation? -
✔️✔️Chemoreceptors sense pH and PaCO2



High carbonic acid level: rate and depth of respirations increase



Low carbonic acid: rate and depth of respirations decrease



PaCO2 regulates respiratory regulation



Renal contribution to pH balance? What measures renal regulation? - ✔️✔️Kidneys can excrete
acid



Increase carbonic acid, kidneys excrete metabolic acids

,HCO3 measures renal regulation



What happens to K in acidosis and alkalosis? - ✔️✔️In acidosis, H+ moves into the cell to buffer and
K+ leaves cell, causing hyper K



In alkalosis, K+ is going into the cell, causing alkalosis



What happens if you are hyper K+? - ✔️✔️more K is secreted and excreted in into the urine, leaving
more h+ which leads to acidosis



vice versa with hypo k



Venous CO2 vs PaCO2? - ✔️✔️venous is indirect measure, 2 mEq more



Why take arterial blood in an ABG? - ✔️✔️determine acid base balance



determine oxygen status



helps determine CO



What is the normal PaCO2? - ✔️✔️35-45 mmHg



What is the normal HCO3? - ✔️✔️24-28 mEq



What is the normal base excess? - ✔️✔️-2 to +2



What is the normal PaO2? - ✔️✔️80-100 mmHg



What is the normal SaO2? - ✔️✔️95-100%

, What is pulse oximetry? - ✔️✔️noninvasive measurement of peripheral arterial hemoglobin O2
saturation



What is a capnography? - ✔️✔️noninvasive measurement of end tidal CO2, arterial CO2



What is carbon dioxide and bicarbonate? - ✔️✔️CO2 is respiratory, more is acidotic



Bicarb is metabolic, less is acidotic



What are the symptoms of acidemia? - ✔️✔️Decreased BP

Tachy

HA

Confusion

Asterixis

Coma



What is the CO2 range for acidosis --> alkalosis? - ✔️✔️60 to 40 to 20



What is the HCO3 range for acidosis --> alkalosis? - ✔️✔️18-24-30



What is is compensation? Example? - ✔️✔️a secondary response to reverse abnormal trends



If a patient has metabolic acidosis, then the lungs should affect a respiratory alkalosis
(hyperventilate) to try to buffer the acid



What do diabetics do for DKA? - ✔️✔️Kussmal respirations for compensation



What does pH tell us? - ✔️✔️the primary problem, acidosis or alkalosis



What is the compensation for metabolic abnormalities? - ✔️✔️metabolic acidosis --> respiratory
alkalosis

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