Vitamin Name Active Daily Metabolism Biological role deficiency Other
form requirement
B1 Thiamine TTP 2 mg/day Absorbed in intestine -> - Oxidative - Slows oxidative
(thiamine (adult) distributed in liver, kidney, decarboxylation reaction decarboxylation reaction
pyrophosp heart -> activated by of alpha-ketoacids (secondary acidosis)
hate) thiamin pyrophosphate - Affects tissues that use
(TPP) - Coenzyme to lactate/pyruvate as energy
transketolase in the source or acetyl-CoA for
pentosophosphate cycle synthesis of
neurotransmitters
- Beriberi disease
- Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome
B2 Riboflavin FMN 1,2-2 mg/day Absorbed in intestine -> - Can accept hydrogen - Rare in humans (can be
(increases converted to flavin from different substrate synthesized by intestinal
FAD with mononucleotide (FMN) -> and reduced to flora)
pregnancy) transformed into flavin FADH2/FMNH2 - Usually accompanied by
adenine dinucleotide (FAD) niacin thiamine deficiency ->
skin lesions or corneal lesions
- Anemia + cataracts can
develop (sever and prolonged
deficiency)
B6 Pyridoxin PLP 2-3 mg/day Absorbed in the intestine -> - Participates in - Excitability in children
e distributed to tissues -> metabolism of amino - Anemia in adults
phosphorylated -> acids as coenzyme
pyridoxol-phosphate is - PLP = cofactor in heme
oxidizes to pyridoxal biosynthesis
phosphate (PLP) -> - PLP = cofactor of
pyridoxamine-phosphate glycogen phosphorylase
generates PLP by in glycogen metabolism
transamination
PP, B3 Nicotinam NAD+ 5-25 mg/day Absorbed in the intestine -> - Participates in oxidative - Pellagra -> dermatitis,
ide transformed into reduction reactions as digestive disorders,
NADP+ nicotinamid adenine coenzyme taking 2H dementia, death
dinucleotide (NAD+) and from substrate
nicotinamid adenine - NADP+ = coenzyme in
dinucleotide phosphate reductive biosynthesis
(NADP+) reactions
- NAD+ = coenzyme in
catabolic reactions
B5 Panthoth CoA 10 mg/day Absorbed in intestine -> CoA: - Rare in humans
enic acid distributed in tissues -> - Participate in - Limb paralysis
Phosphop phosphorylated -> triglyceride - Coordination disorders
antetin transformed into Coenzyme synthesis or beta-
A and phosphopantetin oxidation
Phosphopantetin:
- Part of fatty acid
synthetase in
synthesis of fatty
acids
Biotin Difficult to After absorption distributed - Coenzyme in - Rare in humans
establish due in tissues carboxylases ->
to intestinal important for protein, - Can be caused by avidin (egg
flora carbs and lipid whites)or prolonged use of
contribution metabolism antibiotics
Folic Pteroyglu 0,2 mg/day In the form of - Growth factor - Spina bifida (birth defects) -> - Antifolates are anticancer
acid tamic acid (increases pteroylpoliglutamic acid in - Involved in synthesis of incorrect formation of neural agents
tetrahydrofolic during food -> hydrolysed to nucleic acids tube
a lic
pregnancy pteroyl monoglutamic acid - Coenzyme of enzymes - Megaloblastic anemia
and growth in intestine -> one part is involved in transfer
period) absorbed, the otheris reactions of fragments
reduced to tetrahydrofolic with C-atoms
acid (Fol H4)
B12 Cobalami 2-3 ug/day - Absorbed in intestine after - B12 coenzyme- - Pernicious anemia: decreased
n only animal binding to intrinsic factor -> dependent processes -> numbers of red blood cells,
food sources intrinsic factor plasma exchange of an low hemoglobin levels,
detaches alkyl/substituted alkyl progressive neurological
group with a hydrogen deterioration
atom
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller qusaielfires. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.77. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.