Primary function of muscle - ✔️✔️generate force and/or movement in response to a physiological
stimulus
What does the generation of force in muscle depend on? - ✔️✔️the conversion of chemical energy (ATP),
and Ca release
Skeletal muscle structure - ✔️✔️striated and multinucleated
Largest cells in the body - ✔️✔️skeletal muscle fibres
Are skeletal muscles voluntary? - ✔️✔️yes, by somatic or alpha motor neurons
2 functions of skeletal muscle - ✔️✔️help with return of blood by squeezing veins, move bone
Are cardiac muscles voluntary? - ✔️✔️no, they are involuntary from spontaneous electrical ability
What can alter cardiac muscles? - ✔️✔️autonomic NS, and hormones
Cardiac muscle structure - ✔️✔️striated and uninucleated
Cardiac muscle function - ✔️✔️generate force to squeeze chambers of heart to move blood
Are smooth muscles voluntary? - ✔️✔️no, involuntary by autonomic control, spontaneous, hormones,
paracrine, or autocrine
Smooth muscle provides mechanical control of - ✔️✔️digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract,
blood vessels, airways
, Skeletal location - ✔️✔️attached to skeleton, other muscles
Smooth location - ✔️✔️walls of hollow organs, blood vessels
Cardiac location - ✔️✔️heart
Skeletal function - ✔️✔️movement, posture, heat production
Smooth function - ✔️✔️varies with involved structure
Cardiac function - ✔️✔️pumps blood out of heart
Skeletal initiation of contraction - ✔️✔️exclusively neural (neuromuscular transmission)
Smooth initiation of contraction - ✔️✔️myogenic (pacemaker), neural, stretch, hormonal, local mediators
Cardiac initiation of contraction - ✔️✔️myogenic (pacemaker)
Skeletal role of innervation - ✔️✔️initiate contraction
Smooth role of innervation - ✔️✔️can initiate/modify contraction
Cardiac role of innervation - ✔️✔️modify conduction (sympathetic)/contraction (symp/parasymp)
Skeletal innervation and level of control - ✔️✔️somatic nerves, conscious/subconscious regulation
Smooth innervation and level of control - ✔️✔️autonomic nerves/involuntary
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