Fundamentals of Nursing
origination of the word "nurse" - correct answer ✔✔from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses - correct answer ✔✔communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher,
advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death - correct answer ✔✔nurses use optimal function of maximum strengths
and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-
life care, hospice
The Nursing Process - correct answer ✔✔-one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts - correct answer ✔✔-define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for RNs and
LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs - correct answer ✔✔respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - correct answer ✔✔-well defined body
specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
,-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale - correct answer ✔✔defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated
nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton - correct answer ✔✔established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union
soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge - correct answer ✔✔-traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective - correct answer ✔✔you can see the object
subjective - correct answer ✔✔coming from that subject
types of knowledge - correct answer ✔✔-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and
explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop and
construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result)
goals of nursing research - correct answer ✔✔-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
, deductive reasoning - correct answer ✔✔examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or
ideas
inductive reasoning - correct answer ✔✔one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about
general ideas
health - correct answer ✔✔a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
illness - correct answer ✔✔the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving
changed level of functioning
wellness - correct answer ✔✔an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good
physical, mental, and emotional health
nursing theory - correct answer ✔✔differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it
serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing
care practices
evidence-based practice (EBP) - correct answer ✔✔a problem-solving approach to making clinical
decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are
achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of
patients
steps in implementing EBP - correct answer ✔✔Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or
an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a decision
to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change