NUR 354 Exam 3 Latest Questions And
Answers
WBCs, RBCs, and platelets - ANS complete blood count (CBC) measures concentration
of
WBC differential - ANS all blood parts + WBC parts (neutrophils, lymphocytes,
monocytes, basophils, eosinophils)
Anemia - ANS the decrease in the number of RBC's, quantity of hemoglobin, and/or
volume of packed cells- decrease in any of these leads to signs of hypoxia
blood loss, decreased production of RBCs, Increased destrution of RBCs - ANS What are
three prevalent causes of anemia?
Blood loss - ANS >>Chronic hemorrhage - Bleeding duodenal ulcer, Colon
cancer>>Acute trauma -cuts
decreased production of RBCs - ANS deficient nutrients (iron, vitamin B12, folic acid),
decreased erythropoietin (kidneys not functioning, epogen medication), Increased destruction of
RBCs (sickle cell anemia, medication, incompatible blood, trauma)
acute anemia clinical manifestations - ANS gets really bad at 40-50% volume loss mild -
exertional dyspnea & palpations
Clincal manifestations of Chronic Anemia - ANS moderate - fatigue, bounding pulse,
roaring in ears; severe- pallor, systolic murmur, headache, anorexia, vertigo
iron deficiency anemia S&S - ANS initally symptom free, pallor, glossitis, chelisitis,
headache, paresthesias
iron deficiency anemia causes - ANS most common, decreased RBC production, chronic
blood loss, inadequate intake, malabsorption, hemolysis
pernicious anemia S&S - ANS insidious inset, anorexia, N/V, abdominal pain, weakness,
paresthesias, Red flags for Vitamin B12 deficiency: altered mental status, somnolence,
depression
, Red flags for Vitamin B12 deficiency: - ANS altered mental status, somnolence,
depression
pernicious anemia causes - ANS megaloblastic anemia (large RBCs), lack of gastric
intrinsic factors resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption, familial tendency, high risk
populations: >40 y/o, Northern European (scandinavian) ancestry
aplastic anemia causes - ANS bone marrow suppression, pancytopenia, congenital birth
defects; Acquired: idiopathic, chemicals, medications, infections
Aplastic anemia S&S - ANS onset can be abrupt or gradual, mild to severe, pallor, fatigue,
dyspnea, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, epitaxis, ecchymosis
hemolytic anemia causes - ANS sickle cell anemia, hemodialysis, prosthetic valves,
transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic, malaria, clostridium perfringens
hemolytic anemia S&S - ANS jaundice, pallor, pale conjunctive, tachycardia, hypotension,
splenomegaly
Hemolytic anemia S&S - ANS jaundice, pallor, pale conjunctivae, tachycardia,
hypotension, splenomegaly
Sickle cell anemia etiology - ANS genetic, autosomal recessive
sickle cell "sickling" is caused by - ANS low oxygen levels, increased blood acidity, or low
blood volume
common sickle cell crisis triggers include - ANS sudden change in temperature (narrowing
blood vessels), strenuous activity or excessive exercise (oxygen shortage)
upper respiratory tract - ANS nose, pharynx, adenoids, tonsils, epiglottis, larynx, trachea
Nose - ANS has a septum, divides 2 cavities, responsible for warming & moistening the
air that goes to your lungs, filters smaller particles that are in the air, connected with sinuses &
ears
adenoids & tonsils - ANS part of the lymph system, helpful in getting rid of infections that
come in through the nose
epiglottis - ANS keeps fluid & food from going into lungs, blocks off trachea, if not
working=aspiration
apiration - ANS things getting into the lungs that should not be there
