Population at Risk - Preschool age children, older adults in healthcare facilities, women who are
pregnant, and those with impaired immune systems.
Annual cost for food borne illness - Between 10 and 83 billion
Surveillance is complicated by several factors - First- Underreporting
Second- Many pathogens transmitted through food are also spread through water or from person to
person
Third- Pathogens are agents that have not yet been identified
CDC- Five Major Risk Factors - Improper Holding Temperatures
Inadequate Cooking
Contaminated Equipment
Food from Unsafe Sources
Poor Personal Hygiene
Five Key Areas to Protect Consumer Health - Demonstration of Knowledge
Associate Health Controls
Proper Cleaning of Hands to Prevent Contamination
Time and Temperature Parameters
Proper use of the Consumer Advisory
Food Safety Hazards -
HACCP (Hazards Analysis Critical Control Points) - Comprehensive food safety plan, consists of seven
principles
, Principle 1 - Conduct a hazard analysis, provides blueprint of the overall operation
Principle 2 - Determine critical control points (CCPs), examples are in the cooking processes and chilling
processes
Principle 3 - Establish Critical Limits, for each CCP there needs to be a measurable limit that must be
met, internal cooking temperature for chicken is 165
Principle 4 - Establish Monitoring Procedures, make sure the limits are consistently met
Principle 5 - Establish Corrective Action, if and then plan is established
Principle 6 - Establish Verification Procedures
Principle 7 - Establish Record Keeping in Procedures
Biological Hazards - Bacterial, Viral, and Parasitic Microorganisms
Bacteria - Although cooking destroys foodborne bacteria to acceptable levels, certain bacteria, can form
spores that survive cooking and may grow if food is not properly cooled or held after cooking. Spores
that are created cannot be destroyed with reheating. Salmonella and Campylobacter is a major concern
Virus - Small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most likely
agents are water, produce, shellfish, and other ready to eat foods
Parasites - Associated with undercooking meat products or cross-contamination of ready to eat food
with raw animal food, untreated water, or contaminated equipment or utensils
Chemical Hazards - May occur naturally or may be added during the processing of food
Physical Hazards - Illness and injury can result from foreign objects in food
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