HIEU 202- The Isms of 19th Century
artisans and craftsmen - ANS-this group did not fit neatly into either the middle or
industrial workers class
many occupations threatened by industrialization
- tailors, printers, smiths, masons, carpenters
Beethoven - ANS-19th century composer took the forms developed by the Classical
masters, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven
_____ hinge figure
Class system - ANS-the old "society of orders" was transforming into a class system
wealth determined one's place
Classical Liberalism - ANS-those in opposition to the status quo as restored in
1814-1815
shared common assumptions, partially drawn from the Enlightenment
-Individual freedom
-Freedom of speech, assembly, press, etc.
Conservatism - ANS-group of intellectuals emerged articulating a defense of traditional
authority and institutions
valued Christian faith as the cement holding the social order
Marxism/Communism - ANS-German political theorists: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
formulated the political-economic theory of Communism
envisioned a world revolution by the industrial working class
both capitalism and the system of nations would be overthrown
Mary Shelley - ANS-author of Frankenstein
Nationalism - ANS-rise of mass culture led to people in countries and regions to
become aware of their bonds with those who shared their language, history, and culture
Robert Owen - ANS-Welshman
was a cotton manufacturer who turned his mill in Scotland into "model community"
became socialism's primary spokesman
attempt to establish another community in New Harmony, Indiana, failed
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