HIEU 202 Final Exam Mult Choice Terms
Adolf Hitler's rise to power - ANS-leader of National Socialist German Workers Party, tried to
seize power in 1923 but failed and went to prison, through Germany's crippled economy and
nationalist sentiment, Hitler was appointed German chancellor w/a majority in the Reichstag
Atlantic Charter - ANS-Roosevelt and Churchill's 1941 joint declaration on the purposes of the
war against fascism, solidified Anglo-American cooperation, secret British and American military
correspondence, "Shoot on sight" strategy for U-Boats
Battle of Britain - ANS-German air force (Lutwaffe) bombed the British in hopes they would
surrender, Royal Air Force defended Britain, great loss of life especially in cities like London
Battle of the Atlantic - ANS-Germany's naval attempt to cut off British supply ships by using
U-boats. Allies won control of the seas (through American mass production and radar), allowing
them to control supply transfer, which ultimately determined the war
Benito Mussolini - ANS-formed the Fascist Party of Italy to establish authoritarian state,
engineered a coup d'etat in 1922 to become Italy's dictator (Il Duce = "the leader")
Berlin Blockade/Airlift - ANS-Stalin launched this in June 1948 to cut off food, coal, and
electricity in Berlin; Allies responded by airlifting supplies and Stalin eventually lifted the
blockade
Berlin Wall Street - ANS-Khruschev ordered Soviet and East German troops to prevent passage
between East and West Berlin
Blitzkrieg - ANS-Germany's "lightning war," attack on Western Europe and invasion of Denmark
and Norway, coordinated use of tanks and aircraft, overrunning multiple countries in 6 weeks,
the French surrender and British troops evacuate from France, Germany gains allies (Hungary,
Romania, Bulgaria)
Containment - ANS-American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the
world
D-Day - ANS-June 6, 1944: American, British, and Canadian troops landed along a 50-mile
stretch of Normandy coast to attack Germans and gained foothold in France
Dawes Plan - ANS-British and French couldn't pay debts to US, American banker Charles
Dawes mediated dispute by reducing reparations and payment method in installments,
Germany borrows money from US (allowing their economy and society to stabilize, political
extremism diminished)
, El Alamein - ANS-British defeated the Germans in Egypt and drove them across North Africa
into Tunisia
Enabling Act - ANS-act passed by Reichstag to give Hitler governing power w/out Parliament
European Common Market - ANS-An alliance formed by Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium,
the Netherlands, and Luxembourg in 1957 and dedicated to developing common trade policies
and reduced tariffs; gradually developed into the European Union (first the European Economic
Community)
European Culture in the 1920s - ANS-prosperity returned, Europeans embraced American mass
culture (EX: jazz music, radios, motion pictures, motion advertising)
European Union - ANS-Single European Act (1987) set 1992 as the deadline for achieving a
single market, The Maastricht Treaty (1991) ordered that the following be established by Jan
1991
- common currency
- common foreign and domestic policy
- common citizenship
- a parliament
EU formalized in 2002
Fall of the Berlin Wall - ANS-in 1989, a Berlin crowd began dismantling the wall, the Warsaw
Pact nations broke away from the Soviet Union, crowds began crossing from East and West
Berlin
Fascism - ANS-alternative political system to capitalist constitutionalism and communism that
emerged in Italy
five points of fascism - ANS-1) glorification of the nation
2) regaining past national greatness
3) a state-controlled economy
4) anti-egalitarian elitism
5) a cult of leadership
glasnost - ANS-"openness," or opening the USSR to outside influences
Hitler's aggressions in 1936-1939 - ANS-- 1936: remilitarized the Rhineland
- 1938: annexed Austria, occupies Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
- 1939: invaded Poland
Joseph Goebbels - ANS-Chief minister of the Nazi propaganda and organizer of Kristallnacht
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