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Hondros 176 exam 1 review- Diabetes Questions And Answers Graded A+
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  • Hondros 176 Diabetes

Glucose Regulation - The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels causes of hyperglycemia - too much food, ill, too little insulin, decreased activity, infection, stress Causes of hypoglycemia - too much insulin,no food, too much/intense exercise Clinical manifestations of T1DM - -Pol...

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  • August 3, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Hondros 176 exam 1 review- Diabetes
Glucose Regulation - The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels



causes of hyperglycemia - too much food, ill, too little insulin, decreased activity, infection, stress



Causes of hypoglycemia - too much insulin,no food, too much/intense exercise



Clinical manifestations of T1DM - -Polydypsia, polyuria, polyphagia

-Usually less than 30 years old

-Thin

-Strongly positive for ketones

-Depends on Insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis (formally known as diabetic coma) and sustain life

-Will see imbalances in sodium, potassium and bicarbonate



Complications of Diabetes - Stroke, retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma, blindness, hypertension,
dermopathy, CAD, atherosclerosis, gastroparesis, nephropathy, islet cell loss, peripheral neropathy, ED,
infections (gangrene), neurogenic bladder



counterregulatory hormones - Hormoes that trigger the use of glycogen



Duration - (n.) the length of time that insulin continues or lasts



Euglycemia - normal level of sugar in the blood



Exercise - This can lower blood glucose levels



Five classes of oral hypoglycemics - Sulfonylureas- increase sensitivity to insulin at the receptor
sites

, Meglitinides- same action as sulfonylureas, but effectiveness decreases when blood glucose decreases

Biguanides- (Meformin) reduces hepatic glucose production and lowers fasting blood glucose levels

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (miglitol)- Delay carbohydrate absorption from the small intestines

Thiazolidinesdiones- Increase insulin sensitivity at insulin receptor sites on the cells



GAD - Blood test to check for antibodies that attack the pancreas. Only test definitive for T1DM



Glargine - Long acting insulin (Lantus)



Glucagon - A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose
levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.



Glucagon (Medication) - Category: Antihypoglycemic.

Action: Increase in blood glucose, relaxation of GI tract

Uses: Hypoglycemia, paralyze GI for testing. Off label beta blocker.

Route: IM, I.V., SubQ

Why would a patient who is not diabetic prescribed a steroid also be prescribed insulin? -
Glucocorticoids oppose insulin action and stimulate gluconeogenesis



Gluconeogenesis - The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as lipids and
proteins.



Glucose - 70-100 mg/dl



Glucose Regulation - The process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels



Glycogen - Storage form of glucose



Glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen to glucose

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