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NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Latest Questions With 100% Correct Answers.
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NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 Latest Questions With 100% Correct Answers.
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NURS8024Pharm Exam 1
Latest
Questions
With 100%
Correct
Answers.
,Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by - (CORRECT
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ANSWER)-*acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
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Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in - (CORRECT h h h h h h h h h h
ANSWER)-*the activation of protein kinases, which in
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turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump
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Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of - (CORRECT ANSWER)-histamine
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receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and
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somatostatin diminish - (CORRECT ANSWER)-gastric acid production
h h h h h h
Antacids - (CORRECT ANSWER)-weak bases that react with gastric acid to
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form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
h h h h h h h h
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
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Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-neutralizing capacity, sodium content,
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palatability, and price
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Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on its capacity to neutralize gastric HCl
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and on whether the stomach is full or empty
h h h h h h h h h
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more time for the antacid to react
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Therapeutic uses of antacids - (CORRECT ANSWER)-• Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer
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disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
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• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
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robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
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ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
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• also used as calcium supplements for the treatment of osteoporosis
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,Commonly used antacid drugs - (CORRECT ANSWER)-Classes
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• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
h h h h h
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
h h h
• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel; Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
h h h h h h h h h
• Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of Magnesia
h h h h h h h
• Combination products
h h
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
h h h h h h h
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
h h h h h h
(Gaviscon)
Adverse effects of antacids - (CORRECT ANSWER)-• Aluminum hydroxide tends to be
h h h h h h h h h h h
constipating
h
• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
h h h h h h
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing antacids → hypophosphatemia
h h h h h h h h
• Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence, potential for systemic alkalosis
h h h h h h h h h h
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in pts w/ HTN or CHF
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• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/ calcium foods → hypercalcemia
h h h h h h h h h h h
Mucosal Protective Agents - (CORRECT ANSWER)-Cytoprotective compounds
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Sucralfate
Bismuth Compounds
h
Cytoprotective Compounds - (CORRECT ANSWER)-enhance mucosal protection
h h h h h h
mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓ inflammation, promotes healing of existing
h h h h h h h h h h
ulcers
h
Sucralfate - (CORRECT ANSWER)-complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose
h h h h h h h h h
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
h h h h
, • Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier coating
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over ulcer bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of mucus by pepsin and
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acid
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• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate
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• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output
h h h h h h h
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy to prevent
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
recurrence
h
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2 antagonists or
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
antacids
h
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated
h h h h h h h h h h
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them
h h h h h h h h h h h
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
h h h h h
Bismuth Compounds - (CORRECT ANSWER)-• Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid
h h h h h h h h h h h
and pepsin
h h
• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and bicarbonate secretion
h h h h h h h
• Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins
h h h h
• reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute infectious diarrhea
h h h h h h h h h
• Causes black stools- harmless
h h h h
• Avoid in renal insufficiency
h h h h
In geriatric patients avoid use of - (CORRECT ANSWER)-- antacids that contain
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magnesium in patients with renal failure
h h h h h h
- sodium-containing antacids because of fluid
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retention
Antacids in Pediatrics - (CORRECT ANSWER)-Safety not established in children
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Antacids during pregnancy and lactation - (CORRECT ANSWER)-No FDA category
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established, although antacids
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generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy
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