A&P2 Exam 1 - Endocrine System Rated A
Functions of the Endocrine System
The endocrine system comprises various glands that synthesize and release hormones, which play
crucial roles in regulating the activities of different cells or organs. These hormones are vital for
controlling growth, m...
A&P2 Exam 1 - Endocrine System Rated A
Functions of the Endocrine System
The endocrine system comprises various glands that synthesize and release hormones, which play
crucial roles in regulating the activities of different cells or organs. These hormones are vital for
controlling growth, metabolism—encompassing the physical and chemical processes within the body—
and sexual development and functioning.
- Hormone: A hormone is a chemical substance generated within the body that regulates the functions
of specific cells or organs.
- Endocrine System: This term refers to the hormones and the glands responsible for producing and
secreting these hormones into the bloodstream, which allows them to travel and affect various receptor
cells, organs, or tissues.
- Exocrine Gland: Exocrine glands release substances through ducts, delivering secretions to specific
sites. Examples include salivary glands, sweat glands, and glands in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Autocrine Hormone: An autocrine hormone is a signaling molecule secreted by a cell that interacts
with receptors on the same cell.
- Paracrine Hormone: Paracrine hormones are local hormones that diffuse over short distances to
neighboring cells.
- Target Cell: A target cell is any cell that possesses specific receptors for a hormone, drug, or antibody.
### Comparison of Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The nervous system reacts rapidly to stimuli through action potentials and neurotransmitters, leading to
quick but fleeting responses. In contrast, the endocrine system responds more slowly by releasing
hormones into the circulatory system, which then travel to target tissues. While responses from the
endocrine system take longer to initiate, their effects can be sustained for a prolonged period.
### Major Classes of Hormones
Hormones in humans are classified into three main categories:
, - Peptide Hormones: Composed of proteins or polypeptides.
- Lipid Derivatives: Includes steroid hormones.
- Amino Acid Derivatives: Such as those derived from tyrosine.
### Principal Endocrine Glands
The major endocrine glands in the body are:
- Pineal Gland
- Pituitary Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Glands
- Thymus
- Adrenal Glands
- Pancreas
- Ovaries
- Testes
### Definition of Tropin
Tropins are hormones that target other endocrine glands to regulate their functions.
### Hormones of the Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary Hormones:
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
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