characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) - ANSWER --develops
slowly
-progresses over time
-permanent/irreversible
-main causes of CKD include diabetes (#1 cause), and hypertension
characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) - ANSWER --sudden onset
-possible recovery timeframe of 180 days
-can be reversed
-main causes of AKI include accident/trauma, infection (COVID,
sepsis), and toxins
what eGFR requires dialysis? - ANSWER -eGFR of less than 15
what are the main functions of the kidney? - ANSWER --produce
hormones (EPO, vitamin D)
-filter waste and toxins (urea, creatinine)
-maintain fluid and electrolyte balance (K+, Na+, Ca+)
what are some symptoms of renal failure? - ANSWER --fatigue
-poor appetite
-SOB
-change in urination
,-difficulty concentrating
parts of the urinary system include - ANSWER -kidneys, ureters,
bladder, urethra
treatment options for patients with CKD or AKI include - ANSWER -1.
incenter hemodialysis 2.
home dialysis
3. peritoneal dialysis
4. renal transplant
5. palliative care
what vessel pulls blood? - ANSWER -arterial
what vessel returns/gives blood? - ANSWER -venous
blood is _______, and dialysate is ________ - ANSWER -sterile, clean
characteristics of an AVF - ANSWER --surgical connection between
an artery and vein -"gold standard" access
-can be created within the wrist, arm, forearm, and thigh
-6-12 week maturity period before 1st cannulation
-no risk of allergic reaction, lowest rate of infection/complication
, -long lifespan
the surgical connection between the vessels of a fistula is called -
ANSWER -anastomosis
characteristics of an AVG - ANSWER --synthetic, biosimilar tube
placed in the body
-typically placed in the forearm, upper arm, thigh, necklace
-doesn't take long to mature
-can wear out over time
-higher risk of thrombosis*
-elevated risk of allergic reaction
-can be used 24 hours after placement (with sterile technique)
-can be cannulated with a 16g needle after 4 weeks
characteristics of central venous catheter - ANSWER --access that
includes a tube being placed into a central vein
-typically placed in the jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins
-high rate of infection
-highest rate of morbidity/mortality of ALL accesses
how long should you wash your hands with soap and water for? -
ANSWER -40-60 seconds
how long should you rub your hands with alcohol based rub for? -
ANSWER -20-30 seconds
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