HTTP Request Headers correct answers -contain meta information about the request being made
How do people access the web? correct answers 1. Web Browsers (Chrome, Safari, etc.)
2. Mobile Devices
-varying screen sizes
-different interaction behavior
3. Screen Readers
-used by those wi...
HTTP Request Headers correct answers -contain meta information about the request
being made
How do people access the web? correct answers 1. Web Browsers (Chrome, Safari,
etc.)
2. Mobile Devices
-varying screen sizes
-different interaction behavior
3. Screen Readers
-used by those with visual impairments
-read out contents of a computer screen to the user
-Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): provides guidelines for destining websites that
are accessible to screen readers
What kind of model does the internet/web servers work on? correct answers -client-
server model
What are clients? correct answers -the browsers that are accessing a resource over the
internet (front-end)
What are servers? correct answers -the computers that host the resource, such as a
web page
-typically purpose built computers for hosting and can handle many requests at one time
(back-end)
What is installed on web servers to "serve" the web pages? correct answers Special
Software
-I.e. Apache, Nginx
-can use any operating system - Windows, Mac, Linux
What is the most popular operating system and why? correct answers -Linux because it
has low cost and easy remote management
How do web hosting companies handle lots of traffic? correct answers -they run large
specialized computers that act as web servers for many websites
For a website to be publicly accessible, it needs to be posted on _______________
correct answers -a publicly accessible web server, typically provided by a large web
hosting company
,How is web hosting economy of scale? correct answers -large data centers can house
thousands of servers efficiently by centralizing cooling, maintenance, and physical
security
What does virtualization do? correct answers -allows powerful servers to run many
virtual machines which each have access to a portion of the host machine's resources.
Most web hosting companies operate thix way.
-introduces some security risk
VPS correct answers -Virtual private server
Hypervisor correct answers -software that manage virtual machines on a server
(VMware, Xen, etc.)
Cloud Web Hosting correct answers -allows you to create virtual servers with a nearly
unlimited pool of resources to draw from
-cloud providers usually provide scaling, useful management tools, and other servers
like DNS< network configuration, databases, etc.
-I.e. Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Digital Ocean, Microsoft Azure
Pros and Cons of Cloud Web Hosting correct answers Pros
-cheaper (pay per usage)
-easier
-usually automatically managed
Cons
-some security risk
-less control (controlled by people who work with cloud)
-vendor lock-in
How are websites accessed? correct answers -by a URL
What does URL stand for? correct answers Uniform Resource Locator
What are the parts of a URL? correct answers 1. Protocol or Scheme: "http://" for
unsecure or "https://" for secure connections
2. Domain: the main address of the website, "google.com"
-may include a subdomain like "www.google.com" or "docs.google.com"
-the .com part is called the TLD (Top Level Domain) and can be many options
3. Path and/or filename: "/folder/index.html"
-does not always include a file extension, html is default
-domain with no path is called the "root" of the domain
, HTTP correct answers -Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS correct answers -Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
-all data is encrypted between your browser and the web server
-should almost always be used
What is a domain with no path called? correct answers -root
Scheme correct answers -defines how the resource will be obtained
Subdomain correct answers -www is most common but no required
Domain correct answers -unique value within its top-level domain
Port correct answers -if omitted, HTTP will connect on port 80, HTTPS on 443
Path correct answers -specify and perhaps find requested resource
Query String correct answers -data passed to server-side software, if present
Fragment Identifier correct answers -a specific place within an HTML document
How the Web Works correct answers -your computer needs the IP address of the
server hosting a website in order to download the site
-after you've typed the URL, your browser first queries a Domain Name System (DNS)
server which knows the IP for that domain
DNS servers are run by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) as well as large technology
companies like Google and Microsoft)
DNS correct answers -Domain Name System
-run by ISPs as well as large technology companies like Google and Microsoft
ISP correct answers -Internet Service Provider
HTTP Details correct answers -once your computer knows the IP address of the server
for the domain it is requesting, it makes a request to the server for the URL
-HTTP is the protocol used by the client and server to talk to each other - the client
making the request, and the server returning the response
What is the HTTP protocol used for and by what? correct answers -used by the client
and server to talk to each other - the client making the request, and the server returning
the response
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