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2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK)EXAM 1 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
what are two factors that contribute to phenotype? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
genotype and environment
what was required for the evolution of complex multicellularity? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-oxygen
evo-devo - CORRECT ANSWERS-evolutionary-developmental biology; seeks
to understand how genes underpin evolutionary changes
species - CORRECT ANSWERS-individuals that are able to exchange genetic
material
gene pool - CORRECT ANSWERS-all alleles present in individuals of that
species
populations - CORRECT ANSWERS-interbreeding groups of organisms of the
same species living in the same geographical area
meristems - CORRECT ANSWERS-populations of actively dividing cells at the
tips of stem/root
what ways have an animal cell's mobility relative to one another shaped
their development? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. fertilized eggs undergo several
rounds of mitosis to form a blastula (hollow ball, formed b a single layer of
undifferentiated cells)
2. blastulas migrate and fold in at one location to form a second layer; the
multilayered structure is now called a gastrula
3. since they are not constrained by cell walls, animals can form organs with
moving parts-muscles that power active transport of food and liquids and
allow movement
4. when faced with environmental challenges, animals can respond by
changing behavior (ex: flee)
, what are two main sources that lead to genetic variation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-mutation and recombination
what can somatic mutations lead to? - CORRECT ANSWERS-cancer, disease
and even death to an INDIVIDUAL
what can germ line mutations lead to? - CORRECT ANSWERS-mutations that
are passed down to offspring
recombination; name two ways it can occur - CORRECT ANSWERS-new alleles
may be generated through crossing over and independent assortment
allele frequency - CORRECT ANSWERS-rate of occurrences of alleles in a
population
gene locus - CORRECT ANSWERS-the location of a certain gene/allele
allele - CORRECT ANSWERS-a form of a gene; one copy of a gene
example: A, a
how is genetic variation measured? - CORRECT ANSWERS-through the allele
frequency equation
what is the allele frequency equation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-AF=(# of copies
of an allele)/(total # of alleles in population)
evolution - CORRECT ANSWERS-change in allele frequency or genotype
frequency over time
how is evolution measured? - CORRECT ANSWERS-examinable physical
traits, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequences;
most importantly: the hardy-weinberg equilibrium
what does the hardy-weinberg equilibrium model describe? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-the situation in which evolution does NOT occur
a population in the HW equilibrium meets what requirements? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-1. closed population (no migration or gene flow)
2. no mutations
3. large population (no genetic drift)
4. random mating (no sexual selection)
5. no natural selection
what is the HW equation? - CORRECT ANSWERS-p^2 + 2pq + q^2
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