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NURS422 Vaccines and Immunosuppressants Test With Complete Solution
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NURS422 Vaccines and Immunosuppressants Test WithComplete Solution
Artificial Active Immunity - ANSWER Production of one's own antibodies or T
cells as a result of vaccination against disease
Natural Active Immunity - ANSWER production of one's own antibodies or T
cells as a result of infection or natural exposure to antigen
Natural Passive Immunity - ANSWER the immunity given to an infant
mammal by the mother through the placenta and the colostrum.
Artifical Passive Immunity - ANSWER Occurs when a person is given an
injection containing antibodies made by another organism
(globulins)
Vaccine components - ANSWER Active ingredients - antigens
Adjuvants - help boost immune response
Antibiotics- Prevent contamination of other bacteria
Stabilizers - keep vaccine stable for storage
Preservatives- prevent bacterial/fungal growth (multi-dose flu vials)
Trace components - residual inactivating ingredients (formaldehyde)
Vaccine development - ANSWER Research/discovery
Development:
Phase 1: safety
,Phase 2: effectiveness
Phase 3: Safety and effectiveness
FDA review
ACIP review
Phase 4: post approval monitoring and research
Common adverse effects of vaccination - ANSWER •Pain, swelling, or redness
where the shot was given
•Mild fever
•Chills
•Feeling tired
•Headache
•Muscle and joint aches
•Fainting
•Nausea
•Vomiting
•Diarrhea
•Stomach ache
Serious Adverse Events with Vaccines - ANSWER •Type 1 - IgE (e.g. egg)
•Type 4 - cell-mediated (e.g neomycin or thimersol)
, Signs of a severe allergic reaction can include (1 per million):
•Difficulty breathing
•Swelling of your face and throat
•A fast heartbeat
•A bad rash all over your body
•Dizziness and weakness
DTaP - ANSWER administered at 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months and at 4-6 years of
age. TDaP dose at 11-12 years.
Diphtheria is caused by bacteria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) that
produces toxins that impair cardiorespiratory functions
Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a respiratory infection caused by Bordetella
pertussis
Measles, mumps, & rubella (MMR) - ANSWER given at 12-15 months of age
and again at 4-6 years of age.
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