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2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK)EXAM 3 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
parthenogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-virgin birth female produces eggs
that are not fertilized by males, but divide by mitosis
ex: male bees do not have fathers
polyspermy - CORRECT ANSWERS-fertilization by more than one seprm;
prevented by membrane potential change of egg (fast block)
asexual reproduction - CORRECT ANSWERS-produces clones
clones - CORRECT ANSWERS-genetically identical cells or individuals
ex: binary fission in bacteria and archaeons
increase genetic diversity by horizontal gene transfer
budding - CORRECT ANSWERS-when a bud, or protrusion, forms on an
organism and eventually breaks off to form a new organism
fragmentation - CORRECT ANSWERS-new individual rise by splitting of one
organism into pieces
ex: molds, algae, worms and sea stars
gametogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-formation of gametes
spermatogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-formation of sperm; primary and
secondary
oogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-formation of ova; primary and secondary
fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS-fusion of gametes; restores diploid
chromosome content
capacitation - CORRECT ANSWERS-in female reproductive tract, changes that
allow sperm to fertilize egg; includes alteration of fluidity of plasma
membrane, loss of some surface proteins, changes in membrane charge
,sperm passes through two layers - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) layer of follicle
cells (corona radiata)
2) inner matrix of glycoprotein (zona pellucida)
sexual reproduction - CORRECT ANSWERS-involves the formation of fusion of
gametes
meiotic cell division - CORRECT ANSWERS-halves the number of
chromosomes
fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS-involves fusion of the products of meiotic
cell division
spermatozoa - CORRECT ANSWERS-male gametes
ova/eggs - CORRECT ANSWERS-female gametes
zygote - CORRECT ANSWERS-result of the fusion of gametes (2n)
embryo - CORRECT ANSWERS-early stage of multicellular development;
result in zygote undergo mitosis
can the same species reproduce both sexually and asexually? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-yes; depending on the condition, organisms are capable of both
types
sexual reproduction: when resources are low
asexual: when there is no competition and resources are abundant
why sexual reproduction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-OVERALL: because it leads
to higher reproductive success
1. allows orgnaisms to adapt faster than asexual ones because rare
beneficial mutations that arise in dif populations are brought together=
increasing benefit of whole pop
2. allows populations to purge itself of harmful mutations more quickly than
a population of asexual individuals
3. it may be a mechanism or parasite defense
asexual reproduction two-fold cost - CORRECT ANSWERS-everyone produces
offspring --> exponential population growth
sexual reproduction two-fold cost - CORRECT ANSWERS-only half of
population produces offspring --> slower population growth
, external fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS-egg and sperm being directly
released into the environment
-higher change of failure
-to offset failure rate 1) needs lots of gametes 2) need to get sperm close to
eggs
internal fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS-fertilization takes place inside of
female body; terrestrial adaption
r-strategists - CORRECT ANSWERS-organisms that produce large numbers of
offspring without alot of parental investments
-more associated with external fertilization and unstable environment
-ex: fish
K-strategists - CORRECT ANSWERS-organisms who produce few offspring but
put in a lot of parental investments
-more associated with internal fertilization and a stable environment
-ex: humans, primates, lions
amniotes - CORRECT ANSWERS-animals either lay eggs or give birth to live
young
yolk - CORRECT ANSWERS-provides nutrients until egg hatches
amnion - CORRECT ANSWERS-membrane surrounding a fluid-filled cavity that
allows embryo to develop in watery environment
-adaptation for land, more freedom from water
-ex: reptiles, mammals, birds
allantois - CORRECT ANSWERS-second membrane; encloses a space where
metabolic waste collects
chorion - CORRECT ANSWERS-third membrane; surrounds entire embryo,
yolk, allantoic sac (protected by egg shell)
ovipatry - CORRECT ANSWERS-"egg birth"; animals that lay eggs= oviparous
vivipatry - CORRECT ANSWERS-"live births"; embryo receives nutrition from
mother and develops inside mother
placenta - CORRECT ANSWERS-organ allows nutrients to be obtained from
mother
hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWERS-master regulator of endocrine system
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