Exam (elaborations)
2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK) EXAM 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
2024 BIO 1108 (HERRICK)EXAM 3 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
parthenogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-virgin birth female produces eggs
that are not fertilized by males, but divide by mitosis
ex: male bees do not have fathers
polyspermy - CORRECT ANSWERS-fertilization by more than one seprm;
prevented by membrane potential change of egg (fast block)
asexual reproduction - CORRECT ANSWERS-produces clones
clones - CORRECT ANSWERS-genetically identical cells or individuals
ex: binary fission in bacteria and archaeons
increase genetic diversity by horizontal gene transfer
budding - CORRECT ANSWERS-when a bud, or protrusion, forms on an
organism and eventually breaks off to form a new organism
fragmentation - CORRECT ANSWERS-new individual rise by splitting of one
organism into pieces
ex: molds, algae, worms and sea stars
gametogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-formation of gametes
spermatogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-formation of sperm; primary and
secondary
oogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-formation of ova; primary and secondary
fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS-fusion of gametes; restores diploid
chromosome content
capacitation - CORRECT ANSWERS-in female reproductive tract, changes that
allow sperm to fertilize egg; includes alteration of fluidity of plasma
membrane, loss of some surface proteins, changes in membrane charge
,sperm passes through two layers - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) layer of follicle
cells (corona radiata)
2) inner matrix of glycoprotein (zona pellucida)
sexual reproduction - CORRECT ANSWERS-involves the formation of fusion of
gametes
meiotic cell division - CORRECT ANSWERS-halves the number of
chromosomes
fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS-involves fusion of the products of meiotic
cell division
spermatozoa - CORRECT ANSWERS-male gametes
ova/eggs - CORRECT ANSWERS-female gametes
zygote - CORRECT ANSWERS-result of the fusion of gametes (2n)
embryo - CORRECT ANSWERS-early stage of multicellular development;
result in zygote undergo mitosis
can the same species reproduce both sexually and asexually? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-yes; depending on the condition, organisms are capable of both
types
sexual reproduction: when resources are low
asexual: when there is no competition and resources are abundant
why sexual reproduction? - CORRECT ANSWERS-OVERALL: because it leads
to higher reproductive success
1. allows orgnaisms to adapt faster than asexual ones because rare
beneficial mutations that arise in dif populations are brought together=
increasing benefit of whole pop
2. allows populations to purge itself of harmful mutations more quickly than
a population of asexual individuals
3. it may be a mechanism or parasite defense
asexual reproduction two-fold cost - CORRECT ANSWERS-everyone produces
offspring --> exponential population growth
sexual reproduction two-fold cost - CORRECT ANSWERS-only half of
population produces offspring --> slower population growth
, external fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS-egg and sperm being directly
released into the environment
-higher change of failure
-to offset failure rate 1) needs lots of gametes 2) need to get sperm close to
eggs
internal fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS-fertilization takes place inside of
female body; terrestrial adaption
r-strategists - CORRECT ANSWERS-organisms that produce large numbers of
offspring without alot of parental investments
-more associated with external fertilization and unstable environment
-ex: fish
K-strategists - CORRECT ANSWERS-organisms who produce few offspring but
put in a lot of parental investments
-more associated with internal fertilization and a stable environment
-ex: humans, primates, lions
amniotes - CORRECT ANSWERS-animals either lay eggs or give birth to live
young
yolk - CORRECT ANSWERS-provides nutrients until egg hatches
amnion - CORRECT ANSWERS-membrane surrounding a fluid-filled cavity that
allows embryo to develop in watery environment
-adaptation for land, more freedom from water
-ex: reptiles, mammals, birds
allantois - CORRECT ANSWERS-second membrane; encloses a space where
metabolic waste collects
chorion - CORRECT ANSWERS-third membrane; surrounds entire embryo,
yolk, allantoic sac (protected by egg shell)
ovipatry - CORRECT ANSWERS-"egg birth"; animals that lay eggs= oviparous
vivipatry - CORRECT ANSWERS-"live births"; embryo receives nutrition from
mother and develops inside mother
placenta - CORRECT ANSWERS-organ allows nutrients to be obtained from
mother
hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWERS-master regulator of endocrine system
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Elitaa. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
74534 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now