1. S&S is not specific
2. Takes time for S&S to develop. Difficult to establish a link
3. a long time may elapse between the initial development of poor nutritional health and the first clinical evidence
What should you expect when you meet with a nutrition professional?
- conduct a nutritional assessment
- diagnose nutrition-related problem
- create an intervention
- monitor and evaluate progress
What is the role of genes?
they provide the blueprint for the production of cell proteins. The nucleus of the cell contains ~30,000 genes
What are 3 chronic nutrition-related diseases with a genetic link?
, Diabetes
Cancer
CVD
What is a genogram?
A family tree of illnesses and deaths
What is the difference between single- and double-blind studies?
In a single blind study, the participants in the clinical trial do not know if they are receiving the placebo or the real
treatment
In a double-blind study, both the participants and the experimenters do not know which group got the placebo and
which got the experimental treatment
What elements are required for scientific research to be considered valid?
Phenomena are observed
Questions are asked and a hypothesis is generated
Research is conducted
Incorrect explanations are rejected and the most likely explanation is proposed
Research results are scrutinized
Results are confirmed by other scientists and more experiments
What is an animal model?
a disease in lab animals that mimics humans and can be studied for health
What is a peer-reviewed journal?
Journal that publishes only after researchers who were not part of the study agree that the study was carefully designed
and executed and the results are presented in an unbiased, objective manner
How are systematic reviews used?
Critical evaluation and synthesis of research focusing on a specific topic or research question
What are 5 tips for determining whether nutrition claims are true?
1. Apply basic knowledge
2. Be wary if answer is yes to (is this a new breakthrough? a secret? only advantageous? Too good to be true?)
3. Examine the scientific credentials
4. If research is cited to support a claim, note the size and duration
5. Be wary of hype
Why does DSHEA make it wise to be cautious about dietary supplements?
Because rather than having to be proven safe before sale, FDA must prove it is unsafe. There is not rigorous regulation.
What percentage of total energy expenditure is spent on basal metabolism?
60-70%
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