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2024 BIOLOGY 1108 TEST 1 CHAPTERS 22,23,24 AND 26 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 BIOLOGY 1108 TEST 1 CHAPTERS 22,23,24 AND 26 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 BIOLOGY 1108 TEST 1CHAPTERS 22,23,24 AND 26
EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWERS-a trait that gives an organism a
reproductive advantage in the current environment
evolutionary adaptation - CORRECT ANSWERS-inherited characteristics that
enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular
environment.
DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of
corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this
result is that - CORRECT ANSWERS-humans and chimpanzees share a
relatively recent common ancestor.
How long does it take new species to form on Earth? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
The time required varies considerably.
Which of the following taxonomic categories contains all the others listed
here?
species
family
genus
class
order - CORRECT ANSWERS-class
Animals that possess homologous structures probably __________. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-evolved from the same ancestor
Systematists have used a wide variety of traits (characters) to reconstruct
the phylogenies of particular groups of organisms. Which of the following
types of characters are used to estimate a phylogeny? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
morphological characters and DNA sequence characters
By definition, a clade is __________. - CORRECT ANSWERS-monophyletic
,Fossil evidence indicates that some dinosaurs had feathers. If birds are
indeed descended from dinosaurs, feathers are what kind of character? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-shared ancestral character
What process actually increases the number of genes in an organism's
genome? - CORRECT ANSWERS-gene duplication
Why do researchers use rRNA in investigations of relationships between taxa
that diverged hundreds of millions of years ago? - CORRECT ANSWERS-DNA
coding for rRNA changes relatively slowly.
Molecular clocks are based on the idea that __________. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-,on average, neutral mutations arise at a constant rate
Which process occurred frequently in the early history of the three domains
on Earth, and makes determining phylogenetic relationships of that time
difficult? - CORRECT ANSWERS-horizontal gene transfer
Select the correct statement about phylogenetic trees. - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Phylogenetic trees may expand quickly to maximum width and
then narrow over time.
Which of these are homologous structures? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Ivy leaf
and pine needle
Two ways in which new alleles can become incorporated in a population are -
CORRECT ANSWERS-mutation and gene flow
Founder effect - CORRECT ANSWERS-a reduction in genomic/genetic
variability that occurs when a new population is established by a very small
number of individuals from a larger population
If all conditions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium are met - CORRECT
ANSWERS-allele frequencies stay the same
major mechanism of evolution is - CORRECT ANSWERS-natural selection
How is natural selection more of a process of editing than a creative
mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWERS-It screens heritable variations by favoring
the reproductive success of some individuals over others. It can only select
from the variations that are present in the population. It does not create new
genes or variations.
why natural selection can only act on inherited traits - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Although new traits can appear with the help of mutations and sexual
reproduction, natural selection can only act on existing (inherited) traits. This
, is because natural selection cannot "look to the future" to see what traits will
be useful for the organism. Natural selection only acts through current
environmental conditions to produce fit individuals for the next generations.
Why does evolution occur at the population level? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Because individuals in a population vary, some in the population are better
able to survive and reproduce given a particular set of environmental
conditions.
Why does mutations occur at the organism level? - CORRECT ANSWERS-DNA
replication during cell division
History of Evolution: Lamark - CORRECT ANSWERS--Recognized evolution but
had wrong mechanism
-changes are passed on to offspring
-change in environment -change in needs - change in behavior - increases
use & development of certain parts
History of Evolution: Wallace - CORRECT ANSWERS--Independently
developed theory of natural selection
History of Evolution: Darwin - CORRECT ANSWERS--Compared Natural
Selection to artificial selection with hope to persuade skeptics
What influenced Darwin - CORRECT ANSWERS--Charles Lyell's Principles of
Geology (gradual change overtime leads to large geologic changes)
-Endemic species in Galapagos Islands
-Earthquake shows geologic age
-•Hutton & Lyell strongly influenced Darwin
Darwins mechanism of evolutionary change - CORRECT ANSWERS-natural
selection
Darwins Observation 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION
- variations exists among individuals in a population
-much of this variation is heritable
Darwins Observation 2 - CORRECT ANSWERS-OVERPRODUCTION
-all species produce excessive numbers of offspring
-leads to a struggle for existence (many fail to survive & reproduce)
Which of the following observations led to Darwin's major inferences? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-members of a population vary in their heritable traits
although organisms can produce huge numbers of offspring, many of these
offspring do not survive
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