Midterm Exam: NR569/ NR 569 (New 2023/ 2024
Update) Differential Diagnosis in Acute Care
Practicum Exam Review| Week 1-4| Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct -
Chamberlain
____________ symptoms are always more serious than __________ ones. -
ANSWER Visual
Nonvisual
Visual acuity must be determined with the use of - ANSWER a Snellen chart
photopsia - ANSWER the presence of what appears to be flashes of light, or
flashers, floaters, stars
The two most common cause of visual blurring in young patients - ANSWER
Myopia- teenagers
Presbyopia ~ 40+ yo
refractive errors - ANSWER defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye,
causing an improper focus on the retina
Types of refractive errors - ANSWER myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism
myopia - ANSWER nearsightedness
presbyopia - ANSWER impaired vision as a result of aging
hyperopia - ANSWER farsightedness
astigmatism - ANSWER defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
scintillating scotoma - ANSWER visual light disturbances with light that precede a
migraine
Viral conjunctivitis - ANSWER Most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis
Usually starts in 1 eye 1-2 days prior to starting in the fellow eye.
Eyes often red with copious tearing - the most prominent symptom is pain and
burning.
,Mucous crusting of the lashes, esp. in the morning, may be so copious as to
preclude eyelid opening without manual assistance.
Preauricular lymphadenopathy
Worsen in first few days and resolve in few weeks
Household contacts recent URI or similar eye symtoms
Allergic Conjunctivitis - ANSWER ~Inflammation of the conjunctiva due to allergies
- common, occurring it up to 40% of the population
~Itching (severe) is the most consistent sign of this; also characterized by red eyes
and other allergic disease symptoms, such as sneezing
~hyperemia of conjunctiva, mild to mod tearing, possible visual blurring d/t tearing,
allergic rhinitis (assoc. w/ nose rubbing), eyelid edema, allergic shiners (raccoon
eyes), crease on nose from manipulation.
Toxic Conjunctivitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the conjunctiva due to
medication's, chemicals, or toxins, which cause red, itchy eyes.
Bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER ~Second, most common cause of infectious
conjunctivitis.
~often unilateral at presentation, but can spread to 2nd eye via hand transmission
~Pain, irritation, severe hyperemia (injected sclera), redness, and itchy eyes are
associated with this condition, as is purulent or mucopurulent discharge in one or
both eyes.
blepharitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the eyelids
Characterized by redness at the margins of the eyelids.
Symptoms include red, dry, itchy eyelids, that may be crusted.
corneal abrasion - ANSWER Characterized by an alteration in the epithelial layer
of the cornea, due to trauma, foreign bodies, or chemical exposure.
Characterized by redness; however, pain, tearing, and sensitivity to light or more
typical symptoms. Typically unilateral given the ideology.
subconjunctival hemorrhage - ANSWER Bleeding below the conjunctiva
Characterized by a red patch on the sclera of the eye, rather than generalized
redness and/or itching
uveitis - ANSWER Involves inflammation of the middle layer of the eye
Most common type of this is iritis
, Symptoms include redness, pain, light sensitivity, and blurred vision
Treatment for viral conjunctivitis - ANSWER supportive measures
-Artificial tears
-Cool compresses
Lifestyle modifications
-Contact precautions
-Hand hygiene
-Communicable for 10 to 14 days
-disinfectant techniques
-Avoid swimming pools
Eye hygiene
-Avoiding contact lenses
-Disposing of eye make up
Topic ophthalmic antihistamines OTC
Warning symptoms
-Avoid having eyes which may worsen or result in corneal abrasion
-Be alert for conversion to bacterial
-Seek emergent care for changes in vision or eye pain
Follow up plan
-Come back to the office in 7 to 10 days of symptoms do not improve
chalazion patho - ANSWER An inflamed nodule that develops on the eyelid
Caused by the bacterial infection of glands in the eyelid. May result from poor
hygiene or an existing skin condition, affecting the face, such as rosacea. They vary
in size and location in the eyelid, depending on which type of gland is obstructed.
When a sebaceous gland in the eyelid becomes infected, bacterial and oily
secretions initiate an inflammatory response that blocks the gland and causes a red
bump to form.
Superficial ones forward glands along the edge of the eyelid become infected and
blocked. Deep ones form when meibomian glands in the conjunctival portion of the
eyelid, or the lid lining, become infected and blocked.
• usually PAINLESS
Chalazion risk factors - ANSWER Acne rosacea
Chronic blepharitis
Seborrhea
Tuberculosis
Viral infections
chalzion history - ANSWER -small red and swollen area of the eyelid forming a
painless, slow-growing lump the size of a pea
-gradual onset over several weeks
Update) Differential Diagnosis in Acute Care
Practicum Exam Review| Week 1-4| Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct -
Chamberlain
____________ symptoms are always more serious than __________ ones. -
ANSWER Visual
Nonvisual
Visual acuity must be determined with the use of - ANSWER a Snellen chart
photopsia - ANSWER the presence of what appears to be flashes of light, or
flashers, floaters, stars
The two most common cause of visual blurring in young patients - ANSWER
Myopia- teenagers
Presbyopia ~ 40+ yo
refractive errors - ANSWER defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye,
causing an improper focus on the retina
Types of refractive errors - ANSWER myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism
myopia - ANSWER nearsightedness
presbyopia - ANSWER impaired vision as a result of aging
hyperopia - ANSWER farsightedness
astigmatism - ANSWER defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
scintillating scotoma - ANSWER visual light disturbances with light that precede a
migraine
Viral conjunctivitis - ANSWER Most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis
Usually starts in 1 eye 1-2 days prior to starting in the fellow eye.
Eyes often red with copious tearing - the most prominent symptom is pain and
burning.
,Mucous crusting of the lashes, esp. in the morning, may be so copious as to
preclude eyelid opening without manual assistance.
Preauricular lymphadenopathy
Worsen in first few days and resolve in few weeks
Household contacts recent URI or similar eye symtoms
Allergic Conjunctivitis - ANSWER ~Inflammation of the conjunctiva due to allergies
- common, occurring it up to 40% of the population
~Itching (severe) is the most consistent sign of this; also characterized by red eyes
and other allergic disease symptoms, such as sneezing
~hyperemia of conjunctiva, mild to mod tearing, possible visual blurring d/t tearing,
allergic rhinitis (assoc. w/ nose rubbing), eyelid edema, allergic shiners (raccoon
eyes), crease on nose from manipulation.
Toxic Conjunctivitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the conjunctiva due to
medication's, chemicals, or toxins, which cause red, itchy eyes.
Bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER ~Second, most common cause of infectious
conjunctivitis.
~often unilateral at presentation, but can spread to 2nd eye via hand transmission
~Pain, irritation, severe hyperemia (injected sclera), redness, and itchy eyes are
associated with this condition, as is purulent or mucopurulent discharge in one or
both eyes.
blepharitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the eyelids
Characterized by redness at the margins of the eyelids.
Symptoms include red, dry, itchy eyelids, that may be crusted.
corneal abrasion - ANSWER Characterized by an alteration in the epithelial layer
of the cornea, due to trauma, foreign bodies, or chemical exposure.
Characterized by redness; however, pain, tearing, and sensitivity to light or more
typical symptoms. Typically unilateral given the ideology.
subconjunctival hemorrhage - ANSWER Bleeding below the conjunctiva
Characterized by a red patch on the sclera of the eye, rather than generalized
redness and/or itching
uveitis - ANSWER Involves inflammation of the middle layer of the eye
Most common type of this is iritis
, Symptoms include redness, pain, light sensitivity, and blurred vision
Treatment for viral conjunctivitis - ANSWER supportive measures
-Artificial tears
-Cool compresses
Lifestyle modifications
-Contact precautions
-Hand hygiene
-Communicable for 10 to 14 days
-disinfectant techniques
-Avoid swimming pools
Eye hygiene
-Avoiding contact lenses
-Disposing of eye make up
Topic ophthalmic antihistamines OTC
Warning symptoms
-Avoid having eyes which may worsen or result in corneal abrasion
-Be alert for conversion to bacterial
-Seek emergent care for changes in vision or eye pain
Follow up plan
-Come back to the office in 7 to 10 days of symptoms do not improve
chalazion patho - ANSWER An inflamed nodule that develops on the eyelid
Caused by the bacterial infection of glands in the eyelid. May result from poor
hygiene or an existing skin condition, affecting the face, such as rosacea. They vary
in size and location in the eyelid, depending on which type of gland is obstructed.
When a sebaceous gland in the eyelid becomes infected, bacterial and oily
secretions initiate an inflammatory response that blocks the gland and causes a red
bump to form.
Superficial ones forward glands along the edge of the eyelid become infected and
blocked. Deep ones form when meibomian glands in the conjunctival portion of the
eyelid, or the lid lining, become infected and blocked.
• usually PAINLESS
Chalazion risk factors - ANSWER Acne rosacea
Chronic blepharitis
Seborrhea
Tuberculosis
Viral infections
chalzion history - ANSWER -small red and swollen area of the eyelid forming a
painless, slow-growing lump the size of a pea
-gradual onset over several weeks
