Individuals with severe dysarthia, aphasia, and apraxia who might be unable to meet communication
needs that arise in their daily activities would use what category of device to assist with
communication? - Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices.
Dysarthria - Difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal.
Characterized by weakness, slowness, and lack of coordination in the muscles needed for speech
Aphasia - Loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. Stems from
neuromuscular conditions such as CP, ALS, TBI, CVA
Apraxia - Inability to perform particular purposeful actions, as a result of brain damage. stems from the
CNS.
example: "dressing apraxia"
What are the three categories of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices that have
distinct technological and functional characteristics? - 1. AAC devices with digitized speech output
2. AAC devices with synthesized speech output, which require message formulation by spelling and
device access by physical contact direct selection techniques
3. AAC devices with synthesized speech output, which permit multiple methods of message formulation
and multiple methods of device access.
Is digitized or synthesized speech more natural sounding? - In terms of the qualitative aspects of the
speech signal (pitch, resonance, and melody), digitized speech is more natural sounding than
synthesized speech because it is a time sampled replication of actual human speech.
What are some of the fundamental components of AAC Devices with Digitized Speech Output? -
Although digitized devices vary in physical dimensions, storage capacity and access methods, their
fundamental components include a microphone, a series of filters, and a digital-to-analog converter.
, What does a 'whole message' digitized AAC device refer to? - A 'whole message' digitized speech device
can provide the user with an entire phrase, sentence, or message that can be accessed by a single
selection on an AAC device. Individuals who do not have the linguistic capacity to formulate messages
independently; who have cognitive or language impairments; and who are unable to generate messages
through spelling and/or word-by-word message development (such as those with severe aphasia due to
cortical stroke) typically require such a device.
What does a Synthesized speech AAC device do? - A device which can translate the user's input into
machine-generated speech using algorithms representing linguistic rules, including rules for
pronunciation, pronunciation exceptions, voice inflections, and accents of the language.
What makes a Synthesized speech AAC device an 'open' system? - A Synthesized speech AAC device is
referred to as an 'open' system because they allow for users to independently construct original rather
than pre-stored messages.
In the context of access or operation of an AAC device, what are some examples of Direct Selection
Interfaces? - Some direct selection options involve the use of electronic accessories that enable
individuals to point to a display using a head mouse, optical head pointer, light pointer, infrared pointer
or joystick.
In the context of access or operation of an AAC device, what are some examples of Indirect Selection
Interfaces? - AAC devices that support indirect selection have special software and hardware that allow
them to interpret input from a source other than the physical keyboard. The most common indirect
selection technique is scanning. The user selects the message by activating a switch at the moment the
cursor or indicator electronically highlights the desired word, letter or icon. Linear, row-column, and
directed scanning techniques are examples of available scanning techniques
One of the Key AAC Device characteristics is the method of displaying language. What is the difference
between Dynamic and Static Displays? - A dynamic display depicts language information that is
'changeable' by the user. These
What is the 'Level' method for storing and retrieving language from an AAC device? - Both digitized and
synthesized devices use a level approach for language storage and retrieval. Level capability means that
each cell shown on the display can produce more than one message. Multiple levels permit the storage
of more symbols, letters, words, or other messages than can fit within the physical dimensions of an
AAC device display.
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