stakeholder - any person or group with a stake in the issue at hand
descriptive - the approach to ethical decision making focuses on how people actually make ethical
decisions
prescriptive - approach to ethical decision making focuses on what decision an individual
should
make
Utilitarianism - the best known consequentialist theory
principle of utility - states that an ethical decision should maximize benefits to society and minimize
harms
Utilitarian focuses on - (Consequesntialist approach) focuses on what is best for society
Deontologist - Follow the rules no matter what. Focuses on universal principles such as honesty.
virtue ethics - focuses on the integrity of
the moral person not on the moral
act itself (the decision or behavior)
Disclosure rule - asks whether you would feel comfortable if your activities were disclosed in the light of
day (if you have something to hide it is probably unethical)
veil of ignorance - deciding what is ethical and just without any regard to the background of the
situation or person.
, categorical imperative - This rule asks you to consider whether the rationale for your action is suitable to
become a universal law or principle for everyone to follow (what if everyone did it?)
Eight Steps to Sound Ethical Decision Making in Business - 1. GATHER THE FACTS
2. DEFINE THE ETHICAL ISSUES
3. IDENTIFY THE AFFECTED PARTIES (THE STAKEHOLDERS)
4. IDENTIFY THE CONSEQUENCES
5. IDENTIFY THE OBLIGATIONS
6. CONSIDER YOUR CHARACTER AND INTEGRITY
7. THINK CREATIVELY ABOUT POTENTIAL ACTIONS
8. CHECK YOUR GUT
moral disengagement - Deactivating your internal Ethical self control to act unethically without feeling
bad.
8 moral disengagement mechanisms - 1. euphemistic language
2. moral justification
3. advantageous comparison
4. displacement of responsibility
5. diffusion of responsibility
6. distorting consequences
7. dehumanization
8. Attribution of blame
7 whistle blower steps - 1. Approach Your Immediate Manager First If You Can
2. Discuss the Issue with Your Family
3. Take It to the Next Level
4. Contact Your Company's Ethics Officer or Ombudsman
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