What are ceramics? - Ceramics are elements composed of at least two elements, often more, with
complex crystal structures that range from purely ionic to totally covalent.
Anisotropy - directionality of properties
What influences the crystal structure of ceramics? - The electrical charge of ions and the relative sizes of
the anion and cation.
Why must a ceramic molecule be neutral? - The net charge across the cation and anion must be 0, and
the whole ceramic molecule must be neutral.
What do cations and anions prefer in terms of nearest neighbors? - Cations prefer to have as many
nearest neighbor anions as possible, and anions prefer to have as many cations as possible.
What are the most common coordination numbers in ceramics? - The most common coordination
numbers in ceramics are 4, 6, and 8
What happens when the ratio of the radii is greater than 1? - The coordination number is 12.
What are the 3 types of ceramic crystal structures? - AX, AmXp, and AmBnXp Type
What are the 3 subdivisions of AX- Type ceramic structure? - 1. Rock salt structure (NaCl)
2. Cesium Chloride Structure (CsCl)
3. Zinc Blende Structutre (ZnS)
What is the main relationship between the unit cell and rock salt structure (NaCl) and its coordination
number? - The main relationship is 2(r_c + r_a) = a.
Its coordination number is 6.
, How many anions and cations do you have in a Rock Salt Structure? - 4 anions and 4 cations.
What is the main relationship between the unit cell and cesium chloride structure (CsCl)and its
coordination number? - The main relationship is 2(r_c + r_a) = sqrt(3)a.
Its coordination number is 8.
What is the main relationship between the unit cell and zinc blende structure (ZnS) and its coordination
number? - The main relationship is 4(r_c + r_a) = sqrt(3)a.
Its coordination number is 4.
What is the equation for the volume of a sphere? - V=4/3 πr³
What are the examples of ceramics with rock salt structure (NaCl)? - Examples include NaCl, MgO, MnS,
LiF, and FeO.
What is the coordination number and structure of the CsCl structure? - Coordination number = 8, anions
@ corners of a cube, single cation @ center.
What is the coordination number and structure of the zinc blende structure (ZnS)? - coordination
number = 4, and each Zn is bonded to 4 S atoms. The structure is FCC.
What is the coordination number of AmXp-type ceramic? - AX2 subdivision: coordination number is 8
and an example is CaF2, rc/ra = 0.8. (Ca - center, F - corners)
What is AmBnXp - Type? - Cubic Structure (consists of 2 cations) ex. BaTiO3
What may ceramic crystal structures be considered in terms of? - closedpacked planes of ions, as well as
unit cells
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