MTL 200 Need to Know | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions
What is an isotope? - Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle? - each electron state can hold no more than two electrons which
must have opposite signs
What is the Stable Electron Configuration? - the state within the outermost shell completely filled (ex.
inert gases: He, Ne, Ar, etc)
What is bonding energy? - the energy required to separate two atoms that are chemically bonded to an
infinite distance (units: kJ/mol or eV/atom)
Which kinds of bonds are nondirectional? Which are directional? - Nondirectional: ionic bonding,
metallic bonding
Directional: covalent bonding
What is the difference between directional and nondirectional bonding? - Nondirectional: magnitude of
the bond is equal in all directions around an ion
Directional: atoms need to be in a specific orientation
What is the relationship between the unit cell edge length and the atomic radius for FCC crystal
structures? - a = unit cell edge length
R = atomic radius
a = 2Rsqrt(2)
How many atoms are in the FCC structure? - 4 atoms
What is the relationship between the unit cell edge length and the atomic radius for BCC crystal
structures? - a = (4R)/sqrt(3)
,How many atoms are in the BCC structure? - 2 atoms
What is the relationship between the unit cell edge length and the atomic radius for HCP crystal
structures? - a = 2R
How many atoms are in the HCP structure? - 6 atoms
What is the formula for volume of HCP unit cell in terms of a and c? - V = (3ca^2sqrt(3))/2
What are the coordination numbers of FCC, BCC, and HCP structures? - FCC: 12
BCC: 8
HCP: 12
What are the APF of FCC, BCC, and HCP structures? - FCC: 0.74 or 74%
BCC: 0.68 or 68%
HCP: 0.74 or 74%
What is the formula for the volume of 4 atoms in FCC? - V=4*(4/3)(piR^3)
What is polymorphism? What is it called for elements? - - the phenomenon of a solid material existing in
more than one form of crystal structure.
- for elements, it is called allotropy
What coordinate form do you use for crystallographic directions for cubic structures, hexagonal
structures and for a family of equivalent directions? - Cubic structures: [UVW]
Hexagonal structures: [uvtw]
Family of equivalent directions: <uvw> <uvtw>
How do you convert [UVW] to [uvtw]? - u = (1/3)(2U-V)
v = (1/3)(2V-U)
, t = -(u+v)
w=W
What is the formula for linear density (LD)? - LD = (# of atoms centered on a direction vector)/(length of
direction vector)
What kind of brackets are used for linear? ( ) or [ ]? - [ ]
What is the formula for planar density? (PD) - PD = (# of atoms centered on a plane)/(area of a plane)
What kind of brackets are used for planar? ( ) or [ ]? - ( )
What is anisotropy? - material properties are DEPENDENT on orientation
What is isotropic? - material properties are INDEPENDENT of specimen orientation
Given the crystal structure, what are the reflections present (RP)?
BCC
FCC
Simple Cubic - RP
BCC: (h+k+l) even
FCC: h, k & l are all even or all odd
Simple Cubic: All
What are 3 examples of elements with an FCC structure? - Al, Ag, Au
What are 3 examples of elements with a BCC structure? - Cr, Fe, Tungsten
What are 5 examples of elements with an HCP structure? - Cd, Zn, Mg, Ti, Cu
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