STUVIA 2024/2025
ANT 202 Midterm 1
Before the invention of writing. - ✔✔Prehistory
A technology for storing, manipulating and communicating data.
-Invented independently in Sumer (Near E), China, & Mesoamerica (2k) - ✔✔Writing
The study of living societies and their cultures. - ✔✔Cultural Anthropology
Study of structure and importance of language. - ✔✔Linguistic Anthropology
focused on the adaptive and evolutionary nature of: health, nutrition, growth,
demography, physical behavior, and human origins - ✔✔Physical/Biological
Anthropology
the study of material evidence of past human life - ✔✔Archeology
The physical manifestations of culture. - ✔✔Material Culture
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Any object or material made or used by a human being in the past. - ✔✔Artifact
plant or animal remains that result from human activities but were not intentionally
modified.
--Not an artifact b/c it was not intentionally produced. - ✔✔Ecofact
An artifact that cannot be moved as such as a house foundation, pyramid, or a hearth.
- ✔✔Feature
accumulations of artifacts, ecofacts and features, representing the places where
people lived or carried out certain activities. - ✔✔Sites
petrified remains of a once living organism. - ✔✔Fossil
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Deposit of prehistoric garbage (places where people dumped a lot of food waste, like
Sterkfontein cave). - ✔✔Midden
image that involves paint/pigment. - ✔✔Pictograph
Image created by scratching the surface of a rock. - ✔✔Petroglyph
remains of humans or human ancestors resulting from either accidental or intentional
burial or some other preservation activity - ✔✔Human Skeletal Remains
The proximity of an archaeological artifact or feature to other artifacts or features in the
same matrix. - ✔✔Association
The relationship between an artifact and its setting. - ✔✔Context
The study of rock layers, showing that the earth is older than biblical 6 KYA.
--Law of Superposition - ✔✔Stratigraphy
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Branch of Archaeology dealing with environmental planning. - ✔✔Cultural Resource
Management (CRM)
Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age.
A relative dating scheme based on cultural traits created by Christian Thompson
(Danish). - ✔✔Three Age System
Old Stone Age - ✔✔Paleolithic
New Stone Age, associated with farming and new tools. - ✔✔Neolithic
Age of mammals
65 MYA - Present. - ✔✔Cenozoic Era
2.6 MYA - Present. - ✔✔Quaternary Period
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Epoch
25 - 5.5 MYA - ✔✔Miocene
5.5-2.6 mya. - ✔✔Pliocene
2.6 MYA - 12 KYA
Defined by reoccurring ice ages. - ✔✔Pleistocene
12 KYA - Present.
Beginning of farming and domestication of animals. - ✔✔Holocene
Results of a great flood.
-Diluvium and the Law of Superposition: (1) Humans, artifacts, evidence of human
behavior, (2) Diluvium, (3) extinction.
-William Buckland: equated catastrophes with biblical flood. - ✔✔Diluvium
Internationally accepted form of designating dates, present =1950. - ✔✔BP (before
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present)
Before Christ/Anno Domini - ✔✔B.C./A.D.
Gorillas, chimps, human and human-like ancestors in the fossil record back to ca. 6-7
MYA. - ✔✔Family Hominidae
Humans and human-like ancestors and chimps and bonobos. - ✔✔Sub-family:
Homininae
humans and their ancestors
*Defined by bipedalism. - ✔✔Tribe Hominini
3.4 - 1.8 MYA
Defined by Oldowan tools. - ✔✔Basal Paleolithic
Paranthropus
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