NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 1 WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. Atrophy E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
2. Hypertrophy E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
3...
1. Atrophy E. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
2. Hypertrophy E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
3. Hyperplasia E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
4. Dysplasia E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
5. Metaplasia E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t
cigarette smoke
6. Hypoxia injury E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased produc-
tion of ATP increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell
death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
7. Free radical and E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the
ROS mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkin-
son's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
8. Ethanol E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutri-
tional status
1/9
, NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 1 WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6,
thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver,
hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible
9. Oncosis Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increas-
es in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated
with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
10. Fatty Infiltration intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver
liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high
fat diet. can lead to cirrhosis
11. dystrophic calci- accumulation of Ca in dead or dying tissues
fication calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular
structure and function
r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves,
chronic pancreatitis
12. metastatic calci- accumulation of Ca in normal tissue
fication result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism, hyper-
thyroidism, toxic levels of Vit D. Can also r/t hyperphos-
phatemia in renal failure
13. urate accumula- sodium urate crystals are deposited in tissues- group of
tion disorders collectively called gout- acute arthritis, chronic
gouty arthritis, tophus, nephritis
14. Coagulative kidneys, heart, adrenals- secondary to hypoxia
Necrosis
15. Liquefactive nerve cells- brain- accumulation of pus
Necrosis
16. Caseous Necro- lung disease- usually TB- tissue looks like clumped
sis cheese
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