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Part 1: Introduction to Nursing Pharmacology Terms question and answers with verified solutions latest update 2024/2025.
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Part 1: Introduction to Nursing Pharmacology Terms question and answers with verified solutions latest update 2024/2025.

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  • August 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Part 1: Introduction to Nursing Pharmacology Terms
question and answers with verified solutions latest
update 2024/2025.
Adverse effects - ANSWER drug effects that are not the desired therapeutic effects; may be
unpleasant or even dangerous

Brand name - ANSWER name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed
it; also called a trade name

Chemical name - ANSWER name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug

Drugs - ANSWER chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about some sort of
change

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - ANSWER federal agency responsible for the regulation
and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies

Generic drugs - ANSWER drugs sold by their generic names; not brand (or trade) name
products

Generic names - ANSWER the original designation that a drug is given when the drug
company that developed it applies for the approval process

Genetic engineering - ANSWER process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce a
chemical to be used as a drug

Orphan drugs - ANSWER drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for a
drug company to develop; usually drugs that would treat only a small number of people; these
orphans can be adopted by drug companies to develop

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs - ANSWER drugs that are available without a prescription for
self-treatment of a variety of complaints; deemed to be safe when used as directed

Pharmacology - ANSWER the study of the biological effects of chemicals

Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER clinical pharmacology -the branch of pharmacology that
deals with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of
the disease in human

Phase I study - ANSWER a pilot study of a potential drug done with a small number of
selected, healthy human volunteers

Phase II study - ANSWER a clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using
actual patients who have disorder the drug

Phase III study - ANSWER use of a proposed drug on a wide scale in the clinical setting with
patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat

, Phase IV study - ANSWER continual evaluation of a drug after it has been released for
marketing

Preclinical drug - ANSWER initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic potential;
uses laboratory animals, not human subjects

Teratogenic - ANSWER having adverse effects on the fetus

Rights - ANSWER patient, drug, dosage, route, temp, documentation, and refuse

Absorption - ANSWER what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it enters
the circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter the circulating blood,
bypassing the main complications of absorption from other routes

Active transport - ANSWER the movement of substances across a cell membrane against the
concentration gradient, this process requires the use of energy

Chemotherapeutic agents - ANSWER synthetic chemicals used to interfere with the
functioning of foreign cell populations; this term is frequently used to refer to the drug therapy of
neoplasms, but it also refers to drug therapy affecting any foreign cell

Critical concentration - ANSWER the concentration a drug must reach in the tissues that
respond to the particular drug to cause the desired therapeutic effect

Distribution - ANSWER movement of a drug to body tissues; the places where a drug may be
distributed depend on the drug's solubility, perfusion of the area, cardiac output, and binding of the
drug to plasma proteins

Enzyme induction - ANSWER process by which the presence of a chemical that is
biotransformed by a particular system in the liver causes increased activity of that enzyme system

Excretion - ANSWER removal of a drug from the body; primarily occurs in the kidneys, but can
also occur through the skin, lungs, bile, or feces

First-pass effect - ANSWER phenomenon in which drugs given orally are carried directly to the
liver after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver enzymes before they can enter
the general circulation, oral drugs frequently are given in higher doses than drugs given by other
routes because of this early breakdown

Glomerular filtration - ANSWER the passage of water and water-soluble components from
plasma into the renal tubule

Half-life - ANSWER the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one
half of the peak level it previously achieved

Hepatic microsomal system - ANSWER liver enzymes tightly packed together in the hepatic
intracellular structure, responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, including drugs

Loading dose - ANSWER use of higher dose than what is usually used for treatment to allow
the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner

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