LOOP EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025

LOOP EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
2024/2025

Location And Mechanism Of Action - ANSWERS"Thick Ascending Limb" - Loop Of Henle



***Blocks Na+/K+/2CL- Cotransport w/in Tubules Luminal Membrane = ↓ reabsorption of electrolytes



↑Secretion/↑Excretion:

Na+, K+, CL-, Mg2+, Ca2+ "loops Lose Ca2+"



↑Dilute Urine Excretion



↑Prostaglandin Synthesis = ↑Renal Blood Flow = ↑Solute Delivery to Nephron



Indications - ANSWERSStrongest Diuretic



1st Line Agent:



***CHF = Acute Decompensated Heart Failure = EDEMA aka "fluid overload",

Dyspnea (Secondary to P. Edema), Orthopnea, SOB etc.



Pulmonary Edema = Cyanosis, Digital Clubbing, JVD, etc.



Nephrotic Syndrome = Edema



Cirrhosis = Portal Hypertension = Ascites, peripheral edema, Varicosity of Veins etc.

Combined Trx = Loop + Sporanolactone

, HTN - In Combo w/ Other Agent



***ETHACRINIC ACID - All of the above + Sulfa-Allergy Dx



Loop Diuretics (Name Them) - ANSWERSFurosemide (Lasix)

Torsemide (Demadex)

Bumetanide




Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin) - "The Weirdo" Non-Sulfa + ↑ Ototoxic



Side Effects - ANSWERSOTOTOXICITY and/or Deafness

Reversible - Furosimide (Lasix) End Trx

Irreversible - Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin)



Hypo:

Kalemia = Alkalosis, Calcemia, Magnesemia,

Chloremia = Metabolic Acidosis

Hyper:

Glycemia (Caution: Diabetes Mellitus)

Uricemia (Caution: Gout)



Dehydration



Contraindications - ANSWERSSulfa Allergy Dx:

EXCEPTION - Non-Sulfa: Ethacrynic Acid



NSAIDS - Decrease Prostaglandin Synth = Decrease Renal Blood Flow = Decrease Drug Efficacy