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KRM 210 - Section B_ Unit 5 _ (ANSWERS) Semester 1 2024 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED.pdf
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KRM 210 - Section B_ Unit 5 _ (ANSWERS) Semester 1 2024 - DISTINCTION GUARANTEED.pdf
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8/4/24, 10:09 AMKRM 210 - Section B: Unit 5
Jeremiah
Terms in this set (12)
Conformity - most common social adaptation. Individuals embrace the conventional
goals of society and also have the means at thier disposal to attain them. Law-abiding
citzens.
Innovation - closely associated with criminal behaviour. Innovation occurs when an
individual accepts the goals of society, but rejects or is incapable of attaining them
through legitimate means.
Merton's Five methods of adaptation
Ritualism - ritualists have the lowest level of misbehaviour because they apparently
have abandonded the success goal, which is at the root of criminal activity.
Retreatism - rejects both the goals and means of society, and don't buy into the idea of
conventional hard work.
Rebellion - substituting conventional goals and menas with an alternative set.
Elements of both the strain theory and social organisation theories are combined, and a
distinct difference between social classes are emphasised.
A unique lower-class culture develops in disorganised neighbourhoods due to strain
Cultural deviance theory and social isolation.
These independent subcultures maintain unique values and beliefs that are in conflict
with conventional norms, thus criminal behaviour is an expression of conformity to
lower-class subculture values.
Criminologists who view crime as a direct result of lower-class frustrations and anger
are strain theorists.
People are more likely to engage in crime when they can't get what they want through
Strain theories
legitimate ways.
People may become frustrated or angry, and as a result may try to get what they want
through illegitimate or criminal methods or use drugs.
These theories focus on the environment and specifically on urban conditions that
affect crime rates.
Social disorganisation theories
Social disorganisation centres three variables; poverty, residential mobility and racial
heterogeneity. These factors generate social disorganisation which in turn contribute to
crime.
High unemployment and school dropout rates
Deteriorated housing
Indicators of social disorganisation
Low-income levels
Large number single-parent household
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