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NUR200 Exam 2 – Questions & Complete Solutions
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NUR200 Exam 2 – Questions & Complete Solutions
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NUR200 Exam 2 – Questions & Complete SolutionsDVT (deep vein thrombosis) Right Ans - formation of a blood clot in a deep
vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the legs or thighs
DVT clinical manifestations Right Ans - extremity pain and/or cramping,
tenderness and redness in swollen extremity, which presents as cellulitis. for
near-total to total venous occlusion, the extremity can become ischemic,
extremely painful and cyanotic. this occurs as the blockage results in extreme
edema, which cuts off arterial blood flow to the extremity
DVT complications Right Ans - pulmonary embolism (lungs), TIA/CVA
(brain), MI (heart), chronic venous insufficiency (regurg causing edema,
increased pigmentation, secondary varicosities, ulceration, cyanosis in
dependent position),
*Phlegmasia cerulea dolens* -swollen blue and painful legs rarely occurs but
can cause gangrene in severe cases.
Homan's sign Right Ans - pain in *calf upon dorsiflexion* of foot and may
indicated thrombophlebitis
DVT prevention Right Ans - - exercise, compression socks, early
ambulation after surgery, smoking cessation, weight management, asa/clopid,
anticoagulants, monitor vitamin K intake, increase fluids and avoid alcohol
DVT treatment Right Ans - Immediately:
-Unfractionated heparin
-Enoxaparin
-Dalteparin
-Fondaparinux
Then:
-Warfarin for 3 months
-Compression stockings for 1-2 years
-IVC filters (possibly)
,compartment syndrome Right Ans - involves the compression of nerves
and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the
fascia that separates groups of muscles
Compartment Syndrome S/S Right Ans - pain; pallor; pulses dec.;
paresthesia; paralysis; swelling; ecchymosis; firm and tight skin over anterior
shin; weakness of foot dorsiflexion and/or extension of big toe (foot drop),
poikilothermia (coolness)
compartment syndrome diagnosis Right Ans - measurement of
compartment pressure of >30
compartment syndrome prevention Right Ans - -early diagnosis
-alert doctor if sprint or cast is too tight
-wear good-fitting shoes
-correcting gait
-mobility/flexibility
Compartment syndrome treatment Right Ans - Fasciotomy: Incision
through skin and subcutaneous tissue and fascia of affected compartment,
relieves pressure and restores circulation.
-keep affected area below heart
-orthotics
-PT
-anti-inflammatories
fat embolism clinical presentation Right Ans - -interstitial pneumonitis
-produce symptoms of ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)...chest
pain, tachypnea, cyanosis, decreased O2, apprehension, tachycardia
-patient may become comatose in a short time
Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) Right Ans - bone marrow fat globules are
released and enter tissues and organs after a traumatic skeletal injury
most likely to occur from fractures that are long bones or long and flat (long
bones, ribs, tibia, pelvis)
tissues most often affected are the lungs, brain, heart, kidneys, and skin
, -compromised O2 to the lungs causes SOB, pulmonary edema, and
hemorrhage...surfactant production decreases resulting in alveolar collapse,
hypoxia, and cerebral manifestations
-change in consciousness in the brain bc fat travels to brain
-look like heart attack with the heart
petechia in 2-3 days in the skin (sclera, posterior pharynx, chest, and axilla)
from fat blocking the O2
Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) clinical manifestations Right Ans - -
interstitial pneumonitis
-produce symptoms of ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)...chest
pain, tachypnea, cyanosis, decreased O2, apprehension, tachycardia
-patient may become comatose in a short time
Fat embolism treatment Right Ans - -Bed rest
-Gentle handling
-Oxygen
-Hydration
-Steroid therapy
-Fracture Immobilization
fat embolism prevention Right Ans - -blood O2 monitoring
-early, aggressive treatment for long bone fractures
-IV fluids
-methylprednisone
herniated disc Right Ans - Nucleus pulposus breaks through annulus
fibrosus.
Presses on spinal cord or nerves.
herniated disc s/sx Right Ans - -may be asymptomatic
-muscle spasms
-sexual dysfunction
-pain, numbness, weakness
sciatica Right Ans - pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve,
caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots
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