"filters essential substances and reabsorbs substances needed to maintain normal
composition" describes what organ? - the KIDNEY!
SATA: Which of the following mechanisms controls RBF?
a. intrinsic
b. autoregulation
c. extrinsic
d. protein & glucose
e. sympathetic controls - a, c, d
Intrinsic, extrinsic and protein and glucose
Of the intrinsic regulation of RBF, the juxtaglomerular complex contains _________
necessary to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I - Renin
What RBF intrinsic regulation mechanism has this function:
"plays essential feedback role in linking ABP and RBF to GFR" - Juxtaglomerular
complex
How does a sympathetic NS stimulating event like shock or trauma affect RBF? -
Afferent and Efferent arteriole constriction --> decreased RBF, GFR --> decreased UOP
What affect do blood borne hormones angiotensin II, ADH, endothelins have on RBF? -
vasoCONSTRICTION
What affect do blood borne hormones dopamine, nitric oxide, prostaglandinds have on
RBF? - vasoDILATION
[T/F]: NSAIDS INCREASE RBF - False!
NSAIDS inhibit prostaglandin synthesis --> decreased RBF and GFR
How does a decreased GFR affect Na + Cl? - increased Na + Cl reabsorption -->
decreased Na + Cl to the macula densa
What are the results of decreased Na + Cl to the macula densa? - 1. decreased
resistance in afferent arterioles --> increased GFR
2. increased renin release from JG cells
Describe how protein and glucose affects RBF - amino acids and Na absorbed together
--> decreased Na to macula densa --> JG cell activation --> increased RBF
,Where are the glomeruli and convoluted tubules located? - in the cortex
Renal pyramids, loop of henle, renal pelvis and collecting system are located ________
- in the medulla
Afferent arteriole is supplied by ________ - interlobar ARTERY
Efferent arteriole is supplied by ________ - interlobar VEIN
Where are most nephrons located? - 85% are cortical
(short distance)
The juxtamedullary nephrons are the primary site of __________ __________________
- urine concentration
[T/F]: the glomerulus is a low pressure capillary filtration system - FALSE - it is HIGH
pressure
due to the hydrostatic pressure
_________ is protein free plasma - Filtrate
[T/F]: blood flows IN the Afferent arteriole and OUT of the Efferent arteriole - TRUE
"A comes before E"
Efferent arteriole --> peritubular capillaries is a low pressure system adapted for
______________ - Reabsorption
[SATA]: Which of the following PASSIVELY diffuses in the nephron tubules?
a. sodium
b. glucose
c. water
d. potassium
e. chloride
f. urea
g. phosphate
h. calcium
i. amino acids - c, f
water and urea
[SATA]: Which of the following ACTIVELY diffuses in the nephron tubules?
a. sodium
b. glucose
c. water
d. potassium
e. chloride
f. urea
, g. phosphate
h. calcium
i. amino acids - a, b, d, e, g, h, i
sodium (Na+), glucose, potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), phosphate (PO4+), calcium
(Ca2+), amino acids
Describe how normal UOP (60 mL urine/ hr) is calculated? - GFR = 125 mL/ min
Reabsorption of H2O = 124 mL/ min
Which of these drains the Bowman's capsule?
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. ascending loop of henle
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. collecting tubule - a. proximal convoluted tubule
Where does 65% of glucose, amino acids and electrolytes get absorbed?
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. ascending loop of henle
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. collecting tubule - a. proximal convoluted tubule
Define transport maximum - MAX amount of substance that the system can
REABSORB
Define renal threshold - Amount of substance filtered EXCEEDS transport maximum
- plasma level at which substance appears in urine
(ex: uncontrolled DM --> glucosuria)
The Loop of Henle ALWAYS absorbs more ____ + ______ than water - Na and Cl
Which Loop of Henle is called the "concentrating segment"?
a. thin descending limb
b. thin ascending limb
c. thick ascending limb - a. thin descending limb
{T/F}: The thin descending limb is NOT permeable to water? - False! The thin
descending limb is VERY permeable to water
Which way does water move through the thin descending limb? - Water moves OUT of
the filtrate into the interstitum
[T/F]: The thin ascending limb is VERY permeable to water - False! The thin ascending
limb is NOT very permeable to water
The "diluting segment" is another name for this part of the Loop of Henle
a. thin descending limb
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller VasilyKichigin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
