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Nursing Pharmacology 1, Exam 2 Questions And Answers With Correct Answers (GRADED A+) Latest Update 2024/2025.
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Nursing Pharmacology 1, Exam 2 Questions And Answers With Correct Answers (GRADED A+) Latest Update 2024/2025.

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  • August 5, 2024
  • 64
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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Nursing Pharmacology 1, Exam 2 Questions And
Answers With Correct Answers (GRADED A+) Latest
Update 2024/2025.
Analgesics - ANSWER Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness.

Analgesics - ANSWER "Painkillers"

Pain - ANSWER An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage.

Nociceptors - ANSWER Receptors which transmit pain signals from various body regions to
the spinal cord and brain.

Nociceptive Pain - ANSWER Pain caused by activity in neural pathways in response to
potentially tissue-damaging stimuli.

Neuropathic Pain - ANSWER Pain initiated or caused by primary lesion or dysfunction in the
nervous system.

Pain Threshold - ANSWER Level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain.



A measure of the physiologic response of the nervous system.

Pain Tolerance - ANSWER The amount of pain a person can endure without it interfering with
normal function.



Subjective response to pain, not a physiologic function.

Acute Pain - ANSWER Sudden onset pain.



Usually subsides once treated.

Chronic Pain - ANSWER Persistent or recurring pain.



Lasts 3 to 6 months.



Often difficult to treat.

Nerve Endings - ANSWER Tissue injury causes the release of

-Bradykinin

,-Histamine

-Potassium

-Prostaglandins

-Serotonin



These substances stimulate ______, starting the pain process.

Dorsal Horn - ANSWER Pain's point of spinal cord entry or the "gate."

Enkephalins and Endorphins - ANSWER Endogenous neurotransmitters which bind to opioid
receptors to fight pain.

Adjuvant - ANSWER Drugs which assist primary drugs in relieving pain, such as NSAIDs,
antidepressants, anticonvulsants, cotricosteroids.

Opioid Analgesics - ANSWER Synthetic drugs that bind to the opiate receptors to relieve pain.



Very strong pain relievers.

Opioid Ceiling Effect - ANSWER Drug reaches a maximum analgesic effect.



Analgesia does not improve, even with higher doses.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *pentazocine*.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *nalbuphine*.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *codeine sulfate*.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *meperidine HCl (Demerol)*.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *methadone HCl (Dolophine)*.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *morphine sulfate*.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *hydromorphone*.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *fentanyl (Duragesic)*.

Opioid Analgesic - ANSWER Drug class of *oxycodone*.

Partial Agonist - ANSWER A drug that produces low to moderate receptor activation when
administered alone, but will block the actions of a full agonist if the 2 are given together.

,Agonists - ANSWER Type of opioids which activate mu and kappa receptors in the brain,
producing analgesia, ephoria, sedation, respiratory depression, physical depepndence, constipation,
etc.

Agonists-Antagonists - ANSWER Type of opioids which bind to a pain receptors, causing a
weaker neurologic response than a full agonist.



Also called "partial agonists" or "mixed agonists."

Agonists-Antagonists - ANSWER Classification of opioids which includes:



*pentacozine* (prototype)

*nalmuphine*

*butophanol*

*buprenophine*

Antagonists - ANSWER Reverse the effects of opioids on pain receptors.



Bind to a pain receptor and exert no response.



Also known as competitive antagonists.

Methylnaltrexone - ANSWER Opioid *ant*agonist used to treat opioid-induced constipation.

Opioid Analgesics - ANSWER Indicated for moderate to sever pain, as well as:



-Cough center suppression

-Treatment of diarrhea

-Balanced anesthesia

Opioid Analgesics - ANSWER (Drug class)

Contraindications:



Severe asthma



Use with extreme caution in patients with:

, -Respiratory insufficiency

-Elevated intracranial pressure

-Morbid obesity and/or sleep apnea

-Paralytic ileus

-Pregnancy

Somatic Pain - ANSWER A patient with bone cancer tells the nurse that he is in pain. The
nurse knows that bone pain is classified as which type of pain?



Somatic pain

Referred pain

Visceral pain

Neuropathic pain

Respirations - ANSWER A patient is recovering from an appendectomy. She also has asthma
and allergies to shellfish and iodine. To manage her postoperative pain, the physician has prescribed
patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with hydromorphone (Dilaudid). Which vital sign is of greatest
concern?



Pulse

Blood pressure

Temperature

Respirations

Opiod Analgesics - ANSWER (Drug Class)

Adverse Effects:



-CNS depression, Leads to *respiratory depression* (Most serious adverse effect)

-Nausea and vomiting

-Urinary retention

-Diaphoresis and flushing

-Pupil constriction (miosis)

-Constipation

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