CJ 3250 Exam 1
14th Amendment - ANS-- "no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without
due process of law: nor deny any person with its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws."
- with aid from due process and equal protection clauses, it helps ensure that police officers
carry out their law enforcement role in a manner that protects a citizens' rights
2nd Amendment - ANS-- Right to bear arms.
- A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people
to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
- Gun control: Background checks (Due Process)
4 types of law that affect the police - ANS-- substantive law, procedural law, civil law, case law
Affirmative Action - ANS-- set of procedures designed to eliminate unlawful discrimination
between applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such
discrimination in the future
- applicants may be seeking admission to an educational program or looking for professional
employment
Bow Street Runners - ANS-- London's first professional police force in 1749
- Established by Henry Fielding
- 6 men who were the first group to emphasize crime prevention as opposed to depending on
reactive responses to crime
Case Law - ANS-- refers to the written opinions of the courts
- written law created by judges when deciding disputes
- law that has been established by following decisions made by judges in earlier cases.
- also known as common law
Civil Law - ANS-- regulates social interactions arising from private, commercial, or contractual
relations
- family law, the law of contracts, and business law are all types of this
Colonial America Policing Era - ANS-- 1630s
- started with no training or pay, until 1658 when they finally got paid wages
- watchmen had increased responsibilities
Community Policing Era - ANS-- 1970-present
- identify ways to meet community needs and reduce crime
- develop bond between police and community
, Component parts of the CJS - ANS-Police, courts, and corrections.
Constables - ANS-- charged with surveying land, checking weights and measures, serving
warrants, and issuing out punishments
- first one in the colonies was Joshua Pratt in 1634
Court's reaction if a police department has discriminated against groups or classes in hiring
processes - ANS-- It will likely strike down some or all of the department's hiring practices
Crime Control Model (conservative values) - ANS-- Made by Herbert Packer
- Places a high priority on moving cases through the system
- The control of crime should be the most important function of the CJS because order is
necessary for a free society
- CJ should concentrate on justifying victims' rights rather than protecting defendants' rights
- Police powers should be expanded to make investigation, arrest, search, seize, and conviction
easier
Disparate Rejection Rates - ANS-- A test for unfavorable impact in which it can be demonstrated
that there is a differences between rates of rejection of members of a protected group and of
others
- can be shown by comparing the rejection rates for a minority group and another group (usually
the remaining non minority applicants)
Due Process model (liberal values) - ANS-- Made by Herbert Packer
- Places greater emphasis on citizens' rights and that criminal justice should provide
fundamental fairness under the law
- Criminal justice should concentrate on defendants' rights (not victims'), police powers should
be limited to prevent oppression of the individual, also authorities should be held accountable to
guidelines to ensure fairness in the justice process.
Early English Policing - ANS-- during the early 1600s, the English were dealing with a rise and
crime
- 1962: The Highwaymen Act provided rewards to citizens who were willing to offer assistance in
apprehending criminals
English to American - ANS-- Developments of law enforcement in the US was derived from the
development of policing in England
First African- American police officer - ANS-- hired in Washington, D.C in 1861
- in the early 1900s, African- Americans constituted about 2.7% of the nation's police officers
and firefighters, with the majority being hired in larger cities.
First female officer in the United States - ANS-- Alice Stebbins Wells (1873-1957)
- Hired in 1910 in Los Angeles
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